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The Rise of Valley Fever: Prevalence and Cost Burden of Coccidioidomycosis Infection in California

Author

Listed:
  • Leslie Wilson

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA)

  • Jie Ting

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA)

  • Harold Lin

    (Kaiser Permanente Fresno, Fresno, CA 93720, USA)

  • Rahil Shah

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA)

  • Michael MacLean

    (Kings County Department of Public Health, Hanford, CA 93230, USA)

  • Michael W. Peterson

    (Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Fresno, CA 93701, USA)

  • Nathan Stockamp

    (Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Fresno, CA 93701, USA)

  • Robert Libke

    (Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Fresno, CA 93701, USA)

  • Paul Brown

    (Department of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA)

Abstract

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a fungal infection endemic in the southwestern United States (US). In California, CM incidence increased more than 213% (from 6.0/100,000 (2014) to 18.8/100,000 (2017)) and continues to increase as rates in the first half of 2018 are double that of 2017 during the same period. This cost-of-illness study provides essential information to be used in health planning and funding as CM infections continue to surge. We used a “bottom-up” approach to determine lifetime costs of 2017 reported incident CM cases in California. We defined CM natural history and used a societal approach to determine direct and discounted indirect costs using literature, national datasets, and expert interviews. The total lifetime cost burden of CM cases reported in 2017 in California is just under $700 million US dollars, with $429 million in direct costs and $271 million in indirect costs. Per person direct costs were highest for disseminated disease ($1,023,730), while per person direct costs were lowest for uncomplicated CM pneumonia ($22,039). Cost burden varied by county. This is the first study to estimate total costs of CM, demonstrating its huge cost burden for California.

Suggested Citation

  • Leslie Wilson & Jie Ting & Harold Lin & Rahil Shah & Michael MacLean & Michael W. Peterson & Nathan Stockamp & Robert Libke & Paul Brown, 2019. "The Rise of Valley Fever: Prevalence and Cost Burden of Coccidioidomycosis Infection in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:7:p:1113-:d:217857
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tarricone, Rosanna, 2006. "Cost-of-illness analysis: What room in health economics?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 51-63, June.
    2. Alan Williams, 1999. "Calculating the global burden of disease: time for a strategic reappraisal?," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, February.
    3. Eberechukwu Onukwugha & Jacquelyn McRae & Alex Kravetz & Stefan Varga & Rahul Khairnar & C. Mullins, 2016. "Cost-of-Illness Studies: An Updated Review of Current Methods," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 43-58, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Antje Lauer & Vicken Etyemezian & George Nikolich & Carl Kloock & Angel Franco Arzate & Fazalath Sadiq Batcha & Manpreet Kaur & Eduardo Garcia & Jasleen Mander & Alyce Kayes Passaglia, 2020. "Valley Fever: Environmental Risk Factors and Exposure Pathways Deduced from Field Measurements in California," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-33, July.

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