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Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Yali Wang

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Lingzhong Xu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Wenzhe Qin

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Jiao Zhang

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Yu Xia

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Xiang Jing

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Lu Lu

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • An’an Jiao

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Yaozu Li

    (School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
    Shandong University Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to explore the determinants of general self-efficacy (GSE) among young-old elderly, with focus on examining the gender difference of general self-efficacy. Methods: Data were collected from the 2017 Survey of the Shandong Elderly Family Health Service, which was conducted by Shandong University. T-test was used to examine the gender difference in GSE. Univariate models and adjusted multiple linear regression model were used to explore the determinants of GSE by gender. Results: The females’ GSE score was lower than that of male participants (26.1 ± 8.1 vs. 28.7 ± 7.7), and there was a significant gender difference (t = 10.877, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression model showed that some factors are common significant determinants of GSE such as age, education level, activity of daily living (ADL), self-rated health, mental health, personality, and whether participants have intimate friends and interpersonal relationships. Hypertension and frequent communication with children were specific determinants of GSE among male young-old. Personal income was a specific determinant of female participants. Conclusion: Some influencing factors of GSE in both genders are identical, the others are different. More attention should be paid for the poor young-old females, young-old males with hypertension, and disabled young-old people.

Suggested Citation

  • Yali Wang & Lingzhong Xu & Wenzhe Qin & Jiao Zhang & Yu Xia & Xiang Jing & Lu Lu & An’an Jiao & Yaozu Li, 2019. "Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5070-:d:297087
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Asadullah, M. Niaz & Xiao, Saizi & Yeoh, Emile, 2018. "Subjective well-being in China, 2005–2010: The role of relative income, gender, and location," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 83-101.
    2. Jiao Zhang & Lingzhong Xu & Jiajia Li & Long Sun & Gan Ding & Wenzhe Qin & Qian Wang & Jing Zhu & Zihang Yu & Su Xie, 2018. "Loneliness and Health Service Utilization among the Rural Elderly in Shandong, China: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Lubhana Malik Mental, 2019. "Mental Health in Adolescents," Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 6(3), pages 45-46, March.
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