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Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: Literature Review and Protocol for a Case-Control Study in New Zealand

Author

Listed:
  • Michael G Baker

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Jason Gurney

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Jane Oliver

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Nicole J Moreland

    (School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Deborah A Williamson

    (Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3010, Australia)

  • Nevil Pierse

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Nigel Wilson

    (Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023; New Zealand
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Tony R Merriman

    (Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand)

  • Teuila Percival

    (School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
    KidzFirst Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand)

  • Colleen Murray

    (Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand)

  • Catherine Jackson

    (Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 0622, New Zealand)

  • Richard Edwards

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Lyndie Foster Page

    (Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand)

  • Florina Chan Mow

    (KidzFirst Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand)

  • Angela Chong

    (CBG Health Research Ltd, Auckland 0651, New Zealand)

  • Barry Gribben

    (CBG Health Research Ltd, Auckland 0651, New Zealand)

  • Diana Lennon

    (Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
    KidzFirst Children’s Hospital, Auckland 1640, New Zealand
    Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023, New Zealand)

Abstract

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequela, rheumatic heart disease (RHD), have largely disappeared from high-income countries. However, in New Zealand (NZ), rates remain unacceptably high in indigenous Māori and Pacific populations. The goal of this study is to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for ARF to support effective disease prevention policies and programmes. A case-control design is used. Cases are those meeting the standard NZ case-definition for ARF, recruited within four weeks of hospitalisation for a first episode of ARF, aged less than 20 years, and residing in the North Island of NZ. This study aims to recruit at least 120 cases and 360 controls matched by age, ethnicity, gender, deprivation, district, and time period. For data collection, a comprehensive pre-tested questionnaire focussed on exposures during the four weeks prior to illness or interview will be used. Linked data include previous hospitalisations, dental records, and school characteristics. Specimen collection includes a throat swab (Group A Streptococcus), a nasal swab (Staphylococcus aureus), blood (vitamin D, ferritin, DNA for genetic testing, immune-profiling), and head hair (nicotine). A major strength of this study is its comprehensive focus covering organism, host and environmental factors. Having closely matched controls enables the examination of a wide range of specific environmental risk factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael G Baker & Jason Gurney & Jane Oliver & Nicole J Moreland & Deborah A Williamson & Nevil Pierse & Nigel Wilson & Tony R Merriman & Teuila Percival & Colleen Murray & Catherine Jackson & Richard, 2019. "Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: Literature Review and Protocol for a Case-Control Study in New Zealand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-39, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4515-:d:287299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmy Okello & Barbara Kakande & Elias Sebatta & James Kayima & Monica Kuteesa & Boniface Mutatina & Wilson Nyakoojo & Peter Lwabi & Charles K Mondo & Richard Odoi-Adome & Freers Juergen, 2012. "Socioeconomic and Environmental Risk Factors among Rheumatic Heart Disease Patients in Uganda," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(8), pages 1-6, August.
    2. Salmond, Clare & Crampton, Peter & King, Peter & Waldegrave, Charles, 2006. "NZiDep: A New Zealand index of socioeconomic deprivation for individuals," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(6), pages 1474-1485, March.
    3. Rockhill, B. & Newman, B. & Weinberg, C., 1998. "Use and misuse of population attributable fractions," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(1), pages 15-19.
    4. Jatrana, Santosh & Crampton, Peter, 2009. "Primary health care in New Zealand: Who has access?," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Mark E Engel & Raphaella Stander & Jonathan Vogel & Adebowale A Adeyemo & Bongani M Mayosi, 2011. "Genetic Susceptibility to Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Twin Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(9), pages 1-6, September.
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