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Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

Author

Listed:
  • Carmela Protano

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Vittoria Cammalleri

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Arianna Antonucci

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Alexandra Sabina Ungureanu

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesa Santilli

    (Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy
    Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Stefano Martellucci

    (Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy
    Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Mattei

    (Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, “Sabina Universitas”, 02100 Rieti, Italy
    Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Matteo Vitali

    (Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Background: The smoking ban in public places has reduced Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure for non-smokers, but despite this, domestic environments still remain places at high risk of exposure, and, today, about 40% of children worldwide are exposed to ETS at home. The aims of the study are to investigate the contribution of several factors on ETS exposure among a group of Italian children and to evaluate the changes in smoking precautions adopted at home when the smoker is the mother, the father, or both parents, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 519 Italian schoolchildren. Information was collected via a questionnaire. Results: 41.4% of the participants lived with at least one smoker. Almost half of the children exposed to ETS lived with one or more smokers who do not observe any home smoking ban. Lower maternal or paternal educational levels significantly increase the risk of ETS exposure at home and the “worst case” is represented by both parents who smoke. Conclusions: More effective preventive interventions are needed to protect children from ETS exposure. Some interventions should be specifically dedicated to smokers with a low educational level and to mothers that smoke.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmela Protano & Vittoria Cammalleri & Arianna Antonucci & Alexandra Sabina Ungureanu & Francesa Santilli & Stefano Martellucci & Vincenzo Mattei & Matteo Vitali, 2019. "Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4062-:d:279294
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ludmila Sevcikova & Jana Babjakova & Jana Jurkovicova & Martin Samohyl & Zuzana Stefanikova & Erika Machacova & Diana Vondrova & Etela Janekova & Katarina Hirosova & Alexandra Filova & Michael Weitzma, 2018. "Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Behavioral, Emotional, Social and Health Indicators of Slovak School Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Carmela Protano & Roberta Andreoli & Paola Manini & Matteo Vitali, 2012. "How home-smoking habits affect children: a cross-sectional study using urinary cotinine measurement in Italy," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(6), pages 885-892, December.
    3. Carmela Protano & Roberta Andreoli & Antonio Mutti & Maurizio Manigrasso & Pasquale Avino & Matteo Vitali, 2018. "Reference Intervals for Urinary Cotinine Levels and the Influence of Sampling Time and Other Predictors on Its Excretion Among Italian Schoolchildren," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arianna Antonucci & Carmela Protano & Maria Luisa Astolfi & Vincenzo Mattei & Francesca Santilli & Stefano Martellucci & Matteo Vitali, 2021. "Exposure Profile to Traffic Related Pollution in Pediatric Age: A Biomonitoring Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Magdalena Chełchowska & Joanna Gajewska & Tomasz M. Maciejewski & Joanna Mazur & Mariusz Ołtarzewski & Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz, 2020. "Associations between Maternal and Fetal Levels of Total Adiponectin, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Selected Somatomedins, and Birth Weight of Infants of Smoking and Non-Smoking Mothers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, July.

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