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Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls

Author

Listed:
  • Gayle C. Windham

    (Environmental Health Investigations Branch, CA Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Jasmine W. Soriano

    (Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida de la Playa, Suite D, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
    Marin Co Department of Health and Human Services, 1177 Francisco Blvd E, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA.)

  • Dina Dobraca

    (Environmental Health Investigations Branch, CA Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA 94804, USA)

  • Connie S. Sosnoff

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA)

  • Robert A. Hiatt

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Box #0560, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA)

  • Lawrence H. Kushi

    (Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA)

Abstract

Childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes and may disproportionately burden lower socioeconomic status groups, exacerbating health disparities. We explored associations of demographic factors, stressful life events, and chemical co-exposures, with cotinine levels, among girls in the CYGNET Study. Data were collected from families of girls aged 6–8 years old in Northern California, through clinic exams, questionnaires and biospecimens (n = 421). Linear regression and factor analysis were conducted to explore predictors of urinary cotinine and co-exposure body burdens, respectively. In unadjusted models, geometric mean cotinine concentrations were higher among Black (0.59 ug/g creatinine) than non-Hispanic white (0.27), Asian (0.32), or Hispanic (0.34) participants. Following adjustment, living in a rented home, lower primary caregiver education, and lack of two biologic parents in the home were associated with higher cotinine concentrations. Girls who experienced parental separation or unemployment in the family had higher unadjusted cotinine concentrations. Higher cotinine was also associated with higher polybrominated diphenyl ether and metals concentrations. Our findings have environmental justice implications as Black and socio-economically disadvantaged young girls experienced higher ETS exposure, also associated with higher exposure to other chemicals. Efforts to reduce ETS and co-exposures should account for other disparity-related factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Gayle C. Windham & Jasmine W. Soriano & Dina Dobraca & Connie S. Sosnoff & Robert A. Hiatt & Lawrence H. Kushi, 2019. "Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-14, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4208-:d:281700
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wagenknecht, L.E. & Cutter, G.R. & Haley, N.J. & Sidney, S. & Manolio, T.A. & Hughes, G.H. & Jacobs, D.R., 1990. "Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 80(9), pages 1053-1056.
    2. Carmela Protano & Roberta Andreoli & Paola Manini & Matteo Vitali, 2012. "How home-smoking habits affect children: a cross-sectional study using urinary cotinine measurement in Italy," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 57(6), pages 885-892, December.
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    1. Thomas A. Arcury & Grisel Trejo & DaKysha Moore & Timothy D. Howard & Sara A. Quandt & Edward H. Ip & Joanne C. Sandberg, 2020. "“It’s Worse to Breathe It Than to Smoke It”: Secondhand Smoke Beliefs in a Group of Mexican and Central American Immigrants in the United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-12, November.

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