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Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts

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  • Costas A. Varotsos

    (Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
    Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia)

  • Yuri A. Mazei

    (Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia)

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that extreme weather events such as frequent and intense cold spells and heat waves cause unprecedented deaths and diseases in both developed and developing countries. Thus, they require extensive and immediate research to limit the risks involved. Average temperatures in Europe in June–July 2019 were the hottest ever measured and attributed to climate change. The problem, however, of a thorough study of natural climate change is the lack of experimental data from the long past, where anthropogenic activity was then very limited. Today, this problem can be successfully resolved using, inter alia, biological indicators that have provided reliable environmental information for thousands of years in the past. The present study used high-resolution quantitative reconstruction data derived from biological records of Lake Silvaplana sediments covering the period 1181–1945. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a slight temperature change in the past could trigger current or future intense temperature change or changes. Modern analytical tools were used for this purpose, which eventually showed that temperature fluctuations were persistent. That is, they exhibit long memory with scaling behavior, which means that an increase (decrease) in temperature in the past was always followed by another increase (decrease) in the future with multiple amplitudes. Therefore, the increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events due to climate change will be more pronounced than expected. This will affect human well-being and mortality more than that estimated in today’s modeling scenarios. The scaling property detected here can be used for more accurate monthly to decadal forecasting of extreme temperature events. Thus, it is possible to develop improved early warning systems that will reduce the public health risk at local, national, and international levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Costas A. Varotsos & Yuri A. Mazei, 2019. "Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-10, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:4015-:d:278445
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Trevor J. Porter & Spruce W. Schoenemann & Lauren J. Davies & Eric J. Steig & Sasiri Bandara & Duane G. Froese, 2019. "Recent summer warming in northwestern Canada exceeds the Holocene thermal maximum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
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    3. Kantelhardt, Jan W. & Zschiegner, Stephan A. & Koscielny-Bunde, Eva & Havlin, Shlomo & Bunde, Armin & Stanley, H.Eugene, 2002. "Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 87-114.
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    2. Yawen Wang & Qing Wang & Zhaopeng Xing, 2022. "Climate Disaster Losses and Foreign Exchange Reserve Dynamics: Evidence of East Asia Pacific," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, November.

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