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Practical Guidance for Interventions in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diet and Exercise vs. Changes in Body Composition

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  • Enrique Albert Pérez

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

  • Marina Poveda González

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

  • Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa

    (Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences. University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

  • Mariola D Molina Vila

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain)

  • Manuel Reig García-Galbis

    (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Avda. Copayapu 2862, III Region, Copiapó 1530000, Chile)

Abstract

(1) Objective: to establish practical guidance for the design of future clinical trials in MS (metabolic syndrome) patients aged 18 and older, based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials connecting diet, physical exercise and changes in body composition. (2) Method: this systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) is based on the guidelines recommended by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). Criteria of selection: ≥18 years of age; patients diagnosed with MS; intervention programs including diet, physical exercise and/or modifications in the style of life as treatment, as well as the magnitude of changes in body composition (BC); randomized clinical trial published between 2004 and 2018. (3) Results: the multidisciplinary interventions describe major changes in BC, and the recurring pattern in these clinical trials is an energy reduction and control in the percentage of intake of macronutrients along with the performance of regularly structured exercise; the most analyzed parameter was waist circumference (88.9% of the trials), followed by body weight (85.2%), BMI (77.8%) and body fat (55.6%). (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the information here reported sheds light for the design of future clinical trials in adults with MS. The best anthropometric parameters and units of measurement to monitor the interventions are related to dietary and physical exercise interventions. A list of practical advice that is easy to implement in daily practice in consultation is here proposed in order to guarantee the best results in changes of body composition.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Albert Pérez & Marina Poveda González & Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa & Mariola D Molina Vila & Manuel Reig García-Galbis, 2019. "Practical Guidance for Interventions in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diet and Exercise vs. Changes in Body Composition," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-31, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3481-:d:268469
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Celeste Van Rinsum & Sanne Gerards & Geert Rutten & Nicole Philippens & Ester Janssen & Bjorn Winkens & Ien Van de Goor & Stef Kremers, 2018. "The Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL) Intervention for Overweight and Obesity: A Longitudinal Study into Participants’ Lifestyle Changes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-27, April.
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    1. Ivan Lora-Pozo & David Lucena-Anton & Alejandro Salazar & Alejandro Galán-Mercant & Jose A. Moral-Munoz, 2019. "Anthropometric, Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Benefits of the High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate, Low-Intensity or Control for Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.

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