IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i17p3040-d259795.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Lifestyle Risk Factors and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

Author

Listed:
  • Inhwan Lee

    (College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

  • Shinuk Kim

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea)

  • Hyunsik Kang

    (College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea)

Abstract

This study examined the association between lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 9945 Korea adults (56% women) aged 45 years and older. Smoking, heavy alcohol intake, underweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and unintentional weight loss (UWL) were included as risk factors. During 9.6 ± 2.0 years of follow-up, there were a total of 1530 cases of death from all causes, of which 365 cases were from CVD. Compared to a zero risk factor (hazard ratio, HR = 1), the crude HR of all-cause mortality was 1.864 (95% CI, 1.509–2.303) for one risk factor, 2.487 (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.013–3.072) for two risk factors, and 3.524 (95% CI, 2.803–4.432) for three or more risk factors. Compared to a zero risk factor (HR = 1), the crude HR of CVD mortality was 2.566 (95% CI, 1.550–4.250) for one risk factor, 3.655 (95% CI, 2.211–6.043) for two risk factor, and 5.416 (95% CI, 3.185–9.208) for three or more risk factors. The HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality remained significant even after adjustments for measured covariates. The current findings showed that five lifestyle risk factors, including smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, underweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and UWL, were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Korean adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Inhwan Lee & Shinuk Kim & Hyunsik Kang, 2019. "Lifestyle Risk Factors and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:17:p:3040-:d:259795
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/17/3040/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/17/3040/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephen B Kritchevsky & Kristen M Beavers & Michael E Miller & M Kyla Shea & Denise K Houston & Dalane W Kitzman & Barbara J Nicklas, 2015. "Intentional Weight Loss and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-12, March.
    2. Ford, E.S. & Zhao, G. & Tsai, J. & Li, C., 2011. "Low-Risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: Findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey III mortality study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(10), pages 1922-1929.
    3. Jang, Soong-Nang & Kawachi, Ichiro & Chang, Jiyeun & Boo, Kachung & Shin, Hyun-Gu & Lee, Hyejung & Cho, Sung-il, 2009. "Marital status, gender, and depression: Analysis of the baseline survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1608-1615, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shiue-Shan Weng & Ta-Chien Chan & Pei-Ying Hsu & Shu-Fen Niu, 2021. "Neighbourhood Social Determinants of Health and Geographical Inequalities in Premature Mortality in Taiwan: A Spatiotemporal Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Yifei Li & Yuanan Lu & Eric L. Hurwitz & Yanyan Wu, 2022. "Gender Disparities of Heart Disease and the Association with Smoking and Drinking Behavior among Middle-Aged and Older Adults, a Cross-Sectional Study of Data from the US Health and Retirement Study a," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-10, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kate Birnie & Rachel Cooper & Richard M Martin & Diana Kuh & Avan Aihie Sayer & Beatriz E Alvarado & Antony Bayer & Kaare Christensen & Sung-il Cho & Cyrus Cooper & Janie Corley & Leone Craig & Ian J , 2011. "Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Objectively Measured Physical Capability Levels in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Jun Zhang & Yuang He & Jing Zhang, 2022. "Energy Poverty and Depression in Rural China: Evidence from the Quantile Regression Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Timothy B Smith & Connor Workman & Caleb Andrews & Bonnie Barton & Matthew Cook & Ryan Layton & Alexandra Morrey & Devin Petersen & Julianne Holt-Lunstad, 2021. "Effects of psychosocial support interventions on survival in inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings: A meta-analysis of 106 randomized controlled trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(5), pages 1-25, May.
    4. Lindsay C. Kobayashi & Sarah Frank & Carlos Riumallo-Herl & David Canning & Lisa Berkman, 2019. "Socioeconomic gradients in chronic disease risk behaviors in a population-based study of older adults in rural South Africa," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(1), pages 135-145, January.
    5. Tetyana Pudrovska & Benedicta Anikputa, 2014. "Editor's choice Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Mortality in Later Life: An Integration of Four Life-Course Mechanisms," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 69(3), pages 451-460.
    6. Edwin S. Wong, 2013. "Gender preference and transfers from parents to children: an inter-regional comparison," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(1), pages 61-80, January.
    7. Gong, Jie & Lu, Yi & Xie, Huihua, 2020. "The average and distributional effects of teenage adversity on long-term health," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    8. Xu Wang & Rui Luo & Pengyue Guo & Menglin Shang & Jing Zheng & Yuqi Cai & Phoenix K. H. Mo & Joseph T. F. Lau & Dexing Zhang & Jinghua Li & Jing Gu, 2022. "Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    9. Caterina Trevisan & Giulia Capodaglio & Eliana Ferroni & Ugo Fedeli & Marianna Noale & Giovannella Baggio & Enzo Manzato & Stefania Maggi & Maria Chiara Corti & Giuseppe Sergi, 2022. "Cardiovascular risk profiles and 20-year mortality in older people: gender differences in the Pro.V.A. study," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 37-47, March.
    10. Rongrong Zhang & Song Liu & Ming Li & Xiong He & Chunshan Zhou, 2021. "The Effect of High-Density Built Environments on Elderly Individuals’ Physical Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-22, September.
    11. Lindsey E McKenzie & Ram N Polur & Cholrelia Wesley & Jessica D Allen & Robert E McKeown & Jian Zhang, 2013. "Social contacts and depression in middle and advanced adulthood: Findings from a US national survey, 2005–2008," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 59(7), pages 627-635, November.
    12. Dirk Bethmann & Robert Rudolf, 2018. "Happily ever after? Intrahousehold bargaining and the distribution of utility within marriage," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 347-376, June.
    13. Rufi Shaikh & Junaid Khan, 2021. "Clustering of lifestyle risk factors among adult population in India: A cross-sectional analysis from 2005 to 2016," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, January.
    14. Hagger, Martin S. & Polet, Juho & Lintunen, Taru, 2018. "The reasoned action approach applied to health behavior: Role of past behavior and tests of some key moderators using meta-analytic structural equation modeling," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 85-94.
    15. Norton, E.C., 2016. "Health and Long-Term Care," Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, in: Piggott, John & Woodland, Alan (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 951-989, Elsevier.
    16. Bich Tran & Michael O Falster & Kirsty Douglas & Fiona Blyth & Louisa R Jorm, 2014. "Health Behaviours and Potentially Preventable Hospitalisation: A Prospective Study of Older Australian Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-9, April.
    17. Solveig Glestad Christiansen & Øystein Kravdal, 2023. "Union Status and Disability Pension," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 39(1), pages 1-19, December.
    18. Kibris, Arzu & Goodwin, Robin, 2024. "The long-term effects of war exposure on psychological health: An experimental study with Turkish conscript veterans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    19. Huoyun, Zhu & Shilong, Ma & Zhaoqi, Li & Huiqin, Xia, 2023. "Early socioeconomic status, social mobility and cognitive trajectories in later life: A life course perspective," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    20. Alberto Diaz-Ruiz & Tyler Rhinesmith & Laura C. D. Pomatto-Watson & Nathan L. Price & Farzin Eshaghi & Margaux R. Ehrlich & Jacqueline M. Moats & Melissa Carpenter & Annamaria Rudderow & Sebastian Bra, 2021. "Diet composition influences the metabolic benefits of short cycles of very low caloric intake," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:17:p:3040-:d:259795. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.