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Occurrence and Toxicological Risk Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides from Suburban Soils of Kenya

Author

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  • Teresiah M. Mungai

    (College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
    Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Jun Wang

    (College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
    Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

The use of organic chemicals in agriculture and manufacturing has raised concerns about the dangers of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the environment. By examining OCPs occurrence in the suburban soils from Kenya, this study revealed the distribution, concentrations, and the threat posed to the environment and human health. A gas chromatography electron capture detector was used to test the pesticides. The hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) studied in soils of Kapsabet, Voi, and Nyeri towns showed concentrations ranging from 0.03–52.7, 0.06–22.3, and 0.24–24.3 ng/g respectively. The highest concentration of HCHs was in Kapsabet (0.03–48.1 ng/g), whereas the highest DDTs concentration was in Voi (n.d.–15.5 ng/g). Source identification revealed OCPs pollution originated from recent usage of DDT pesticides to control insect-borne diseases and from the use of lindane in agriculture. Correlation test revealed that total organic carbon influenced the presence of pesticides in the soils. The enantiomeric ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH were <3 indicating the use of lindane while the ratios of DDE/DDT were <1 suggesting recent input of DDT. The cancer risk assessment showed values close to the set risk level of 10 −6 , suggesting the likelihood of exposure to cancer was not low enough, and control measures need to be established.

Suggested Citation

  • Teresiah M. Mungai & Jun Wang, 2019. "Occurrence and Toxicological Risk Evaluation of Organochlorine Pesticides from Suburban Soils of Kenya," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:16:p:2937-:d:258032
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tekleweini Gereslassie & Ababo Workineh & Onyango Janet Atieno & Jun Wang, 2019. "Determination of Occurrences, Distribution, Health Impacts of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils of Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Yeon A. Kim & Joon Beom Park & Min Seok Woo & Sang Yeob Lee & Hye Young Kim & Young Hyun Yoo, 2019. "Persistent Organic Pollutant-Mediated Insulin Resistance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Abdulrazaq Yahaya & Omobola O. Okoh & Anthony I. Okoh & Abiodun O. Adeniji, 2017. "Occurrences of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Course of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Its Health Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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