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Attention Restoration Space on a University Campus: Exploring Restorative Campus Design Based on Environmental Preferences of Students

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  • Ming Lu

    (Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, School of Architecture, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Jingwan Fu

    (Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, School of Architecture, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract

Students studying for a long time frequently suffer from attentional fatigue; however, campuses lack specific spaces in which to restore attention. This study aimed to explore the significant perceptual factors related to student selection of landscape types that they perceive as most relaxing on a university campus. To understand the design factors of an attention restoration space, this study examined the preference of students regarding restorative environments on university campuses at six universities in northeastern China using a questionnaire survey (n = 360). Place-mapping revealed the spatial characteristics of the preferences of students for relaxing in the available space. The primary perceptual factors were obtained using correlation analysis and keyword frequency. A relationship model of landscape types and perceptual factors was established using categorical regression (CATREG). Results showed that waterfront spaces have the optimal perceived attention restoration effect, followed by vegetation spaces, courtyard spaces and square spaces. Visibility, accessibility, comfort, recognition and sense of belonging are significant perceptual factors that should be first considered. Moreover, the optimal selection of design factors depends on the interaction of landscape types and perceptual factors. The design implications may assist designers to gain a new perspective on student requirements for a healthy environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Ming Lu & Jingwan Fu, 2019. "Attention Restoration Space on a University Campus: Exploring Restorative Campus Design Based on Environmental Preferences of Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2629-:d:250932
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elizabeth W. Holt & Quinn K. Lombard & Noelle Best & Sara Smiley-Smith & John E. Quinn, 2019. "Active and Passive Use of Green Space, Health, and Well-Being amongst University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, February.
    2. van der Kooij, Anita J. & Meulman, Jacqueline J. & Heiser, Willem J., 2006. "Local minima in categorical multiple regression," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 446-462, January.
    3. Matthew H. E. M. Browning & Alessandro Rigolon, 2019. "School Green Space and Its Impact on Academic Performance: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huojin Chen & Jian-Hong Ye, 2023. "The Influence of Outdoor Activities and Campus Landscape on University Students’ Subjective Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Argyro Anna Kanelli & Maria Lydia Vardaka & Chrisovaladis Malesios & Zainab Jamidu Katima & Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi, 2024. "Can Campus Green Spaces Be Restorative? A Case Study from Tanzania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Xialu Wu & Yu-Sheng Shen & Shenghui Cui, 2023. "Global Trends in Green Space and Senior Mental Health Studies: Bibliometric Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-12, January.
    4. Jun Zhang & Jinghua Jin & Yimeng Liang, 2024. "The Impact of Green Space on University Students’ Mental Health: The Mediating Roles of Solitude Competence and Perceptual Restoration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Chongxian Chen & Weijing Luo & Ning Kang & Haiwei Li & Xiaohao Yang & Yu Xia, 2020. "Serial Mediation of Environmental Preference and Place Attachment in the Relationship between Perceived Street Walkability and Mood of the Elderly," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-18, June.
    6. Wanting Liu & Ning Sun & Jingyu Guo & Zhenhua Zheng, 2022. "Campus Green Spaces, Academic Achievement and Mental Health of College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-10, July.
    7. Liu, Wan-Yu & Tsao, Chen & Lin, Chun-Cheng, 2023. "Tourists' preference for colors of forest landscapes and its implications for forest landscape planning policies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    8. Yiwen Liu & Junjie Zhang & Chunlu Liu & Yang Yang, 2024. "A Review of Attention Restoration Theory: Implications for Designing Restorative Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Kuntong Huang & Taiyang Wang & Xueshun Li & Ruinan Zhang & Yu Dong, 2024. "Predicting and Optimizing Restorativeness in Campus Pedestrian Spaces based on Vision Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-26, August.

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