IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i11p1947-d236306.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers

Author

Listed:
  • Robin M. Orr

    (Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast QLD 4229, Australia
    Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast QLD 4229, Australia)

  • Filip Kukić

    (Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police 253, UAE)

  • Aleksandar Čvorović

    (Police Sports Education Center, Abu Dhabi Police 253, UAE)

  • Nenad Koropanovski

    (Specialized Physical Education at the department of Criminalistics, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Radivoje Janković

    (Specialized Physical Education at the department of Criminalistics, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Jay Dawes

    (Department of Helath and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA)

  • Robert Lockie

    (Department of Kinesiology, California State Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA)

Abstract

Female police officers may be required to pursue offenders on foot while wearing occupational loads. The aim of this study was to determine relationships between fitness measures and change of direction speed (CODS) in female police officers and the influence of their occupational loads. Retrospective data were provided for 27 female police officers (age = 32.19 ± 5.09 y, height = 162.78 ± 5.01 cm, and mass = 71.31 ± 13.42 kg) and included fitness measures of: lower-body power (standing long jump (SLJ)), upper-body and trunk muscle endurance (push-up (PU) and sit-up (SU)), aerobic power (estimated VO 2max ), and CODS (Illinois agility test). The CODS test was performed without and with occupational load (10 kg). Paired sample t -tests (between-load conditions) and Pearson’s correlations (relationships between measures) were performed with linear regression analysis used to account for the contribution of measures to unloaded and loaded CODS performance. CODS was significantly slower when loaded (unloaded = ~23.17 s, loaded = ~24.14 s, p < 0.001) with a strong, significant relationship between load conditions ( r = 0.956, p < 0.001). Moderate to strong, significant relationships were found between all fitness measures ranging from estimated VO 2max ( r = −0.448) to SU ( r = −0.673) in the unloaded condition, with the strength of these relationships increasing in the loaded condition accounting for 61% to 67% of the variance, respectively. While unloaded agility test performance was strongly associated with loaded performance, female police officer CODS was significantly reduced when carrying occupational loads. A variety of fitness measures that influence officer CODS performances become increasingly important when occupational loads are carried.

Suggested Citation

  • Robin M. Orr & Filip Kukić & Aleksandar Čvorović & Nenad Koropanovski & Radivoje Janković & Jay Dawes & Robert Lockie, 2019. "Associations between Fitness Measures and Change of Direction Speeds with and without Occupational Loads in Female Police Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-9, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:1947-:d:236306
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/11/1947/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/11/1947/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aaron Joseph & Amy Wiley & Robin Orr & Benjamin Schram & J. Jay Dawes, 2018. "The Impact of Load Carriage on Measures of Power and Agility in Tactical Occupations: A Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Robert G. Lockie & J. Jay Dawes & Katherine Balfany & Ciara E. Gonzales & Maria M. Beitzel & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr, 2018. "Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-12, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes, 2022. "Justified Concerns? An Exploration of the Leg Tuck in a Tactical Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Filip Kukić & Robert G. Lockie & Ana Vesković & Nikola Petrović & Dane Subošić & Danijela Spasić & Darko Paspalj & Lazar Vulin & Nenad Koropanovski, 2020. "Perceived and Measured Physical Fitness of Police Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Robert G. Lockie & Karly A. Rodas & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr & Matthew R. Moreno, 2021. "How Does Time Spent Working in Custody Influence Health and Fitness Characteristics of Law Enforcement Officers?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-17, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Justin J. Merrigan & Jason D. Stone & Andrew G. Thompson & W. Guy Hornsby & Joshua A. Hagen, 2020. "Monitoring Neuromuscular Performance in Military Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Megan Sax van der Weyden & Christopher D. Black & Daniel Larson & Brian Rollberg & Jason A. Campbell, 2021. "Development of a Fitness Test Battery for Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Operators—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Mª Helena Vila & Iris M. de Oliveira & Francisco J. Burgos-Martos & Angel Martín-Pinadero & Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda & José M. Cancela-Carral, 2022. "Do the Lower Body Strength Assessment Tests in the Spanish Navy Really Measure What They Purport to Measure?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Robert G. Lockie & Joseph M. Dulla & Daniel Higuera & Kristina A. Ross & Robin M. Orr & J. Jay Dawes & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, 2022. "Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-18, November.
    5. Ante Krolo & Barbara Gilic & Nikola Foretic & Haris Pojskic & Raouf Hammami & Miodrag Spasic & Ognjen Uljevic & Sime Versic & Damir Sekulic, 2020. "Agility Testing in Youth Football (Soccer)Players; Evaluating Reliability, Validity, and Correlates of Newly Developed Testing Protocols," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Robert G. Lockie & J. Jay Dawes & Matthew R. Moreno & Megan B. McGuire & Tomas J. Ruvalcaba & Ashley M. Bloodgood & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr, 2020. "We Need You: Influence of Hiring Demand and Modified Applicant Testing on the Physical Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Zacharias Papadakis & Andreas Stamatis & Filip Kukic & Nenad Koropanovski, 2021. "Moving Past the One-Size-Fits-All Education-Training Model of Police Academies to the Self-Prescribed Individualized Exercise Prescription Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, November.
    8. Jessica Strader & Ben Schram & Shane Irving & Jeremy Robinson & Robin Orr, 2020. "Special Weapons and Tactics Occupational-Specific Physical Assessments and Fitness Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    9. Mario Kasović & Lovro Štefan & Krunoslav Borovec & Martin Zvonař & Jan Cacek, 2020. "Effects of Carrying Police Equipment on Spatiotemporal and Kinetic Gait Parameters in First Year Police Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-7, August.
    10. Robert G. Lockie & Robin M. Orr & Matthew R. Moreno & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla, 2019. "Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-12, March.
    11. Robin Orr & Takato Sakurai & Jordan Scott & Jason Movshovich & J. Jay Dawes & Robert Lockie & Ben Schram, 2021. "The Use of Fitness Testing to Predict Occupational Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Critical Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-15, July.
    12. Damir Sekulic & Nikola Foretic & Barbara Gilic & Michael R. Esco & Raouf Hammami & Ognjen Uljevic & Sime Versic & Miodrag Spasic, 2019. "Importance of Agility Performance in Professional Futsal Players; Reliability and Applicability of Newly Developed Testing Protocols," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    13. Filip Kukić & Robin Orr & Milan Marković & J. Jay Dawes & Aleksandar Čvorović & Nenad Koropanovski, 2022. "Factorial and Construct Validity of Sit-Up Test of Different Durations to Assess Muscular Endurance of Police Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-9, October.
    14. Justin J. Merrigan, 2021. "Effects of Maximal Effort Running on Special Agents’ Loaded and Unloaded Drop Jump Performance and Mechanics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-11, September.
    15. Luiz Rezende & Rodolfo A. Dellagrana & Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos & Arthur Duarte Fantesia Costa Cruz & Maycon Felipe da Silva Mota & Christianne F. Coelho-Ravagnani, 2022. "Physical Performance of Brazilian Military Policemen: A Longitudinal Analysis by Occupational Specialties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    16. Kai Way Li & Jenn Chun Chu & Ching Chung Chen, 2019. "Strength Decrease, Perceived Physical Exertion and Endurance Time for Backpacking Tasks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, April.
    17. Matthew R. Moreno & Karly A. Rodas & Ashley M. Bloodgood & J. Jay Dawes & Joseph M. Dulla & Robin M. Orr & Robert G. Lockie, 2020. "The Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Heart Rate Responses of Custody Assistant Recruits during Circuit Training Sessions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, November.
    18. Ian Bonder & Andrew Shim & Robert G. Lockie & Tara Ruppert, 2021. "A Preliminary Investigation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Body Strength and Speed for Law Enforcement Officers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-9, July.
    19. Sally Sawyer & Ben Schram & Rodney Pope & Robin Orr, 2021. "Profiling the Injuries Sustained by Police Trainees Undergoing Initial Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
    20. Rhiannon Thomas & Ben Schram & Shane Irving & Jeremy Robinson & Robin Orr, 2019. "Associations between Specialist Tactical Response Police Unit Selection Success and Urban Rush, along with 2.4 km and 10 km Loaded Carriage Events," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-9, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:1947-:d:236306. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.