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Effects of Integrated Rice-Frog Farming on Paddy Field Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Kaikai Fang

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Xiaomei Yi

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Wei Dai

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Hui Gao

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Linkui Cao

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract

Integrated rice-frog farming (IRFF), as a mode of ecological farming, is fundamental in realizing sustainable development in agriculture. Yet its production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains unclear. Here, a randomized plot field experiment was performed to study the GHG emissions for various farming systems during the rice growing season. The farming systems included: conventional farming (CF), green integrated rice-frog farming (GIRF), and organic integrated rice-frog farming (OIRF). Results indicate that the cumulative methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the whole growth period were divergent for the three farming systems, with OIRF having the highest value and CF having the lowest. For nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, the order is reversed. IRFF significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO), soil redox potential (Eh), total organic carbon (TOC) content, and soil C:N ratio, which is closely related to GHG emissions in rice fields. Additionally, the average emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from soils during rice growing seasons ranged from 2312.27 to 2589.62 kg ha −1 and showed no significant difference in the three treatments. Rice yield in the GIRF and OIRF were lower (2.0% and 16.7%) than the control. The CH 4 emissions contributed to 83.0–96.8% of global warming potential (GWP). Compared to CF, the treatment of GIRF and OIRF increased the GWP by 41.3% and 98.2% during the whole growing period of rice, respectively. IRFF significantly increased greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI, 0.79 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 grain yield), by 91.1% over the control. Compared to the OIRF, GIRF decreased the GHGI by approximately 39.4% (0.59 kg CO 2 -eq ha −1 grain yield), which was 44.2% higher than that of the control. The results of structural equation model showed that the contribution of fertilization to CH 4 emissions in paddy fields was much greater than that of frog activity. Moreover, frog activity could decrease GWP by reducing CH 4 emissions from rice fields. And while GIRF showed a slight increase in GHG emissions, it could still be considered as a good strategy for providing an environmentally-friendly option in maintaining crop yield in paddy fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaikai Fang & Xiaomei Yi & Wei Dai & Hui Gao & Linkui Cao, 2019. "Effects of Integrated Rice-Frog Farming on Paddy Field Greenhouse Gas Emissions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:1930-:d:236029
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    1. Kimberly M. Carlson & James S. Gerber & Nathaniel D. Mueller & Mario Herrero & Graham K. MacDonald & Kate A. Brauman & Petr Havlik & Christine S. O’Connell & Justin A. Johnson & Sassan Saatchi & Paul , 2017. "Greenhouse gas emissions intensity of global croplands," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 63-68, January.
    2. Avery S. Cohn & Leah K. VanWey & Stephanie A. Spera & John F. Mustard, 2016. "Cropping frequency and area response to climate variability can exceed yield response," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 601-604, June.
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    1. Peiyi Zhang & Teng Wen & Yangmei Hu & Jinbo Zhang & Zucong Cai, 2021. "Can N Fertilizer Addition Affect N 2 O Isotopocule Signatures for Soil N 2 O Source Partitioning?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, May.

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