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Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil

Author

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  • Isabelle Nogueira Leroux

    (Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 1246-904, Brazil
    The two first authors deserve the same merit because they had the same level of participation in the data collection and manuscript writing.)

  • Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira

    (Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 1246-904, Brazil
    The two first authors deserve the same merit because they had the same level of participation in the data collection and manuscript writing.)

  • Fernanda Pollo Paniz

    (Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André—SP—Brasil, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil)

  • Tatiana Pedron

    (Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André—SP—Brasil, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil)

  • Fernanda Junqueira Salles

    (Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 1246-904, Brazil)

  • Fábio Ferreira Da Silva

    (Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André—SP—Brasil, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
    Agilent Technologies, Alameda Araguaia, 1142 Alphaville Industrial, Barueri 6455000, Brazil)

  • Heloisa França Maltez

    (Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André—SP—Brasil, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil)

  • Bruno Lemos Batista

    (Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Santo André—SP—Brasil, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil)

  • Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio

    (Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 1246-904, Brazil)

Abstract

Lead, known as a metal with high neurotoxicity to children, cadmium, which is a carcinogenic and bioaccumulative contaminant, and arsenic, a class 1 carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, are toxic elements (TEs) whose relevant route of exposure may be diet. We determined the bio-accessible fraction of lead, cadmium, and arsenic from the diet of preschool children from two day care centers (DCC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 one–four-year-old children from two DCCs where the 24-h duplicate diet samples were collected. The diet samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for lead, cadmium, and arsenic total concentrations ( n = 64) and their bio-accessibility were analyzed for a subsample ( n = 10). The dietary intake (DI) mean for lead, cadmium, and arsenic were 0.18 ± 0.11 µg kg −1 bw, 0.08 ± 0.04 µg kg −1 bw, and 0.61 ± 0.41 µg kg −1 bw, respectively. All DI calculated for TEs, considering total intake, were found lower than the tolerable limits (TL) (European Union, or World Health Organization, WHO, when applicable) except for one child’s Pb intake. Bio-accessibilities ranged between 0% to 93%, 0% to 103%, and 0% to 69%, for lead, cadmium, and arsenic, respectively. Although DI for TEs has been found lower than TL, these reference values have been recently decreased or withdrawn since it was for lead and arsenic whose TL were withdrawn by WHO.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Nogueira Leroux & Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira & Fernanda Pollo Paniz & Tatiana Pedron & Fernanda Junqueira Salles & Fábio Ferreira Da Silva & Heloisa França Maltez & Bruno Lemos Batist, 2018. "Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic Bioaccessibility of 24 h Duplicate Diet Ingested by Preschool Children Attending Day Care Centers in Brazil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:8:p:1778-:d:164451
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, N. & Baker, H.W. & Tufts, M. & Raymond, R.E. & Salihu, H. & Elliott, M.R., 2013. "Early childhood lead exposure and academic achievement: Evidence from detroit public schools, 2008-2010," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(3), pages 72-77.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fernanda Junqueira Salles & Fernanda Pollo Paniz & Bruno Lemos Batista & Adelaide Cassia Nardocci & Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio, 2022. "Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Michele C. Toledo & Janice S. Lee & Bruno L. Batista & Kelly P. K. Olympio & Adelaide C. Nardocci, 2022. "Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in Rice in Brazil: A Human Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-18, December.

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