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A Cross-Sectional Examination of Physical Activity Levels and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in Southern Tanzania

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  • Beverly Msambichaka

    (Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania
    Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Ramadhani Abdul

    (Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania)

  • Salim Abdulla

    (Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania)

  • Paul Klatser

    (Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit/Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Marcel Tanner

    (Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Ramaiya Kaushik

    (Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital, Chusi St, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 581, Tanzania)

  • Bettina Bringolf-Isler

    (Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Eveline Geubbels

    (Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania)

  • Ikenna C. Eze

    (Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
    University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

Abstract

Physical activity is essential for healthy aging. Evidence suggests that vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) may be more beneficial than moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA). We examined physical activity levels (MPA, VPA and total physical activity), and their socio-demographic determinants in 2311 participants (15–93 years; 68% women) of the MZIMA Open Community Cohort, who had complete relevant data. Physical activity levels were estimated in minutes per week across three domains—work, leisure and transport. We created three outcome variables: low MPA (<150 min per week of MPA), low VPA (<75 min per week of VPA) and insufficient physical activity (IPA: <150 min per week of total physical activity) and applied sample-weighted multivariable logistic regression to assess associations with potential socio-demographic determinants. Prevalence of IPA, low MPA and low VPA were 25%, 26% and 65% respectively. IPA and low MPA were correlated (Spearman R = 0.98; p < 0.001). Work, leisure and transport contributed 54%, 25% and 21% to total physical activity respectively. IPA and low VPA were significantly associated with female sex, lower education, non-manual occupation and frequent fruit consumption. We observed significant differences by sex ( P heterogeneity < 0.001), on the associations between education and IPA, and between age, occupation and low VPA. In conclusion, low levels of VPA, which were more pronounced in women, support the monitoring and promotion of VPA alongside overall physical activity. Leisure-related activities should also be promoted towards gains in vigorous-intensity and total physical activity in this setting.

Suggested Citation

  • Beverly Msambichaka & Ramadhani Abdul & Salim Abdulla & Paul Klatser & Marcel Tanner & Ramaiya Kaushik & Bettina Bringolf-Isler & Eveline Geubbels & Ikenna C. Eze, 2018. "A Cross-Sectional Examination of Physical Activity Levels and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in Southern Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:6:p:1054-:d:148518
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stella K. Muthuri & Lucy-Joy M. Wachira & Allana G. Leblanc & Claire E. Francis & Margaret Sampson & Vincent O. Onywera & Mark S. Tremblay, 2014. "Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-33, March.
    2. Reichert, F.F. & Barros, A.J.D. & Domingues, M.R. & Hallal, P.C., 2007. "The role of perceived personal barriers to engagement in leisure-time physical activity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(3), pages 515-519.
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    2. Daniel Puciato, 2019. "Sociodemographic Associations of Physical Activity in People of Working Age," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-12, June.

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