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Meta-Prediction of MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and Air Pollution on the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Worldwide

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  • Ya-Ling Yang

    (School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan)

  • Hsiao-Ling Yang

    (School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan)

  • S. Pamela K. Shiao

    (College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA)

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are devastating health hazards for both women and children. Both methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polymorphisms and air pollution can affect health status and result in increased risk of HDP for women. The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of MTHFR polymorphisms, air pollution, and their interaction on the risk of HDP by using meta-predictive analytics. We searched various databases comprehensively to access all available studies conducted for various ethnic populations from countries worldwide, from 1997 to 2017. Seventy-one studies with 8064 cases and 13,232 controls for MTHFR C677T and 11 studies with 1425 cases and 1859 controls for MTHFR A1298C were included. MTHFR C677T homozygous TT (risk ratio (RR) = 1.28, p < 0.0001) and CT plus TT (RR = 1.07, p = 0.0002) were the risk genotypes, while wild-type CC played a protective role (RR = 0.94, p = 0.0017) for HDP. The meta-predictive analysis found that the percentage of MTHFR C677T TT plus CT ( p = 0.044) and CT ( p = 0.043) genotypes in the HDP case group were significantly increased with elevated levels of air pollution worldwide. Additionally, in countries with higher air pollution levels, the pregnant women with wild-type CC MTHFR 677 had a protection effect against HDP ( p = 0.014), whereas, the homozygous TT of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was a risk genotype for developing HDP. Air pollution level is an environmental factor interacting with increased MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, impacting the susceptibility of HDP for women.

Suggested Citation

  • Ya-Ling Yang & Hsiao-Ling Yang & S. Pamela K. Shiao, 2018. "Meta-Prediction of MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and Air Pollution on the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy Worldwide," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:2:p:326-:d:131753
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boyi Yang & Shujun Fan & Xueyuan Zhi & Yongfang Li & Yuyan Liu & Da Wang & Miao He & Yongyong Hou & Quanmei Zheng & Guifan Sun, 2014. "Associations of MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Hypertension and Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis from 114 Studies with 15411 Cases and 21970 Controls," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, February.
    2. Wankun Deng & Yongbo Wang & Zexian Liu & Han Cheng & Yu Xue, 2014. "HemI: A Toolkit for Illustrating Heatmaps," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-5, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhao-Feng Chen & Lufei Young & Chong Ho Yu & S. Pamela K. Shiao, 2018. "A Meta-Prediction of Methylenetetrahydrofolate-Reductase Polymorphisms and Air Pollution Increased the Risk of Ischemic Heart Diseases Worldwide," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Badamassi Aboubacar & Xu Deyi & Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak & Boubacar Hamidou Leyla, 2018. "The Effect of PM 2.5 from Household Combustion on Life Expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Yumjirmaa Mandakh & Ralf Rittner & Erin Flanagan & Anna Oudin & Christina Isaxon & Mary Familari & Stefan Rocco Hansson & Ebba Malmqvist, 2020. "Maternal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Risk of Preeclampsia: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Scania, Sweden," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Hsiao-Ling Yang & Ya-Ling Yang & Chong Ho Yu & S. Pamela K. Shiao, 2018. "Meta-Prediction of MTHFR Gene Polymorphism and Air Pollution on the Risks of Congenital Heart Defects Worldwide: A Transgenerational Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, August.

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