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Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks

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  • Oskar A. Palacios

    (Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31125, Mexico
    Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 20396, Mexico)

  • Francisco J. Zavala-Díaz de la Serna

    (Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31125, Mexico)

  • María De Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias

    (Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31125, Mexico)

  • María S. Espino-Valdés

    (Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31125, Mexico)

  • Guadalupe V. Nevárez-Moorillón

    (Circuito Universitario S/N Campus Universitario II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chih 31125, Mexico)

Abstract

Reclaimed wastewater for irrigation is an opportunity for recovery of this natural resource. In this study, microbial risk from the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of recreational parks in the city of Chihuahua, evaluating the effect of distribution distance, season, and presence of storage tanks, was analyzed. Escherichia coli , Salmonella , and multidrug-resistant bacteria were recovered from samples of reclaimed water and soils at recreational parks in Chihuahua by the membrane filtration method, using selected agars for microbial growth. Samples were taken at three different seasons. No correlation in the presence of microbial indicators and multidrug-resistant bacteria ( p > 0.05) was found between the distance from the wastewater treatment plant to the point of use. Presence of storage tanks in parks showed a significant effect ( p < 0.05) with a higher level of E. coli . The highest count in wastewater occurred in summer. We isolated 392 multidrug-resistant bacteria from water and soil; cluster analysis showed that the microorganisms at each location were of different origins. Irrigation with reclaimed wastewater did not have a negative effect on the presence of microbial indicators of the quality of soils in the parks. However, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria still represents a potential risk factor for human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Oskar A. Palacios & Francisco J. Zavala-Díaz de la Serna & María De Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias & María S. Espino-Valdés & Guadalupe V. Nevárez-Moorillón, 2017. "Microbiological Impact of the Use of Reclaimed Wastewater in Recreational Parks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1009-:d:110787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paulo Martins Da Costa & Luís Loureiro & Augusto J. F. Matos, 2013. "Transfer of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Between Intermingled Ecological Niches: The Interface Between Humans, Animals and the Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Adel Al-Salaymeh & Issam Al-Khatib & Hassan Arafat, 2011. "Towards Sustainable Water Quality: Management of Rainwater Harvesting Cisterns in Southern Palestine," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(6), pages 1721-1736, April.
    3. Subbarao V. Ravva & Chester Z. Sarreal, 2014. "Survival of Salmonella enterica in Aerated and Nonaerated Wastewaters from Dairy Lagoons," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Palacios, Oskar A. & Contreras, Claudia A. & Muñoz-Castellanos, Laila N. & González-Rangel, María O. & Rubio-Arias, Hector & Palacios-Espinosa, Alejandro & Nevárez-Moorillón, Guadalupe V., 2017. "Monitoring of indicator and multidrug resistant bacteria in agricultural soils under different irrigation patterns," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 19-27.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stacy Slobodiuk & Caitlin Niven & Greer Arthur & Siddhartha Thakur & Ayse Ercumen, 2021. "Does Irrigation with Treated and Untreated Wastewater Increase Antimicrobial Resistance in Soil and Water: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Meishu Wang & Hui Gong, 2018. "Not-in-My-Backyard: Legislation Requirements and Economic Analysis for Developing Underground Wastewater Treatment Plant in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-10, October.

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