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Incidence and Consequences of Near-Drowning–Related Pneumonia—A Descriptive Series from Martinique, French West Indies

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Cerland

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97261 Martinique, France)

  • Bruno Mégarbane

    (Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, INSERM UMR-S 1144, 75013 Paris, France)

  • Hatem Kallel

    (Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Centre of the French Guiana, 97306 Cayenne, France)

  • Yanick Brouste

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97261 Martinique, France)

  • Hossein Mehdaoui

    (Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97261 Martinique, France)

  • Dabor Resiere

    (Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97261 Martinique, France)

Abstract

Drowning represents one major cause of accidental death. Near-drowning patients are exposed to aspiration that may result in pneumonia with life-threatening consequences. We designed this descriptive study to investigate the frequency, nature, and consequences of post-drowning pneumonia. One hundred and forty-four near-drowning patients (33 children and 111 adults) admitted during four years to the University Hospital of Martinique, French Indies, were included. Patients presented pre-hospital cardiac arrest (41%) and exhibited acute respiratory failure (54%), cardiovascular failure (27%), and lactic acidosis (75%) on admission. Empirical antibiotics, as decided by the physicians in charge, were administered in 85 patients (59%). Post-drowning early onset bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed as “possible” in 13 patients (9%) and “confirmed” in 22 patients (15%). Tracheal aspiration revealed the presence of polymorphous pharyngeal flora (59%) or one predominant bacteria species (41%) including Enterobacter aerogenes , Enterobacter cloacae , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Aeromonas hydrophilia , and Morganella morgani . Despite adequate supportive care, drowning resulted in 45 fatalities (31%). Early onset bacterial aspiration pneumonia (either possible or confirmed) did not significantly influence the risk of death. In conclusion, near-drowning–related bacterial aspiration pneumonia seems rare and does not influence the mortality rate. There is still a need for practice standardization to improve diagnosis of post-drowning pneumonia and near-drowning patient management.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Cerland & Bruno Mégarbane & Hatem Kallel & Yanick Brouste & Hossein Mehdaoui & Dabor Resiere, 2017. "Incidence and Consequences of Near-Drowning–Related Pneumonia—A Descriptive Series from Martinique, French West Indies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-6, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1402-:d:119218
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aminur Rahman & Olakunle Alonge & Al-Amin Bhuiyan & Priyanka Agrawal & Shumona Sharmin Salam & Abu Talab & Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman & Adnan A. Hyder, 2017. "Epidemiology of Drowning in Bangladesh: An Update," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Catarina Queiroga & Jonathon Webber & Andrew C. Schmidt & Justin R. Sempsrott & Roberto Barcala-Furelos & Michael Tipton & David Szpilman, 2018. "Comment on Cerland, L. et al. Incidence and Consequences of Near-Drowning-Related Pneumonia—A Descriptive Series from Martinique, French West Indies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14 , 140," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-2, April.

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