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Development and Relative Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intakes of Total and Free Sugars in Australian Toddlers

Author

Listed:
  • Gemma Devenish

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia)

  • Aqif Mukhtar

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia)

  • Andrea Begley

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia)

  • Loc Do

    (Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

  • Jane Scott

    (School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia)

Abstract

Background : Dental research into early childhood caries is hindered by a lack of suitable dietary assessment tools that have been developed and validated for the population and outcomes of interest. The aim of this study was to develop and investigate the relative validity and reproducibility of the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Food Frequency Questionnaire (SMILE-FFQ), to assess the total and free sugars intakes of Australian toddlers. Methods : The SMILE-FFQ was designed to capture the leading dietary contributors to dental caries risk in toddlers aged 18–30 months via a proxy report. Ninety-five parents of Australian toddlers completed the questionnaire online before and after providing three 24-h recalls (24HR), collected on non-consecutive days using the multipass method. Total and free sugars were compared between the two SMILE-FFQ administrations and between each SMILE-FFQ and the 24HR using multiple statistical tests and standardised validity criteria. Correlation (Pearson), mean difference (Wilcoxon rank test) and Bland Altman analyses were conducted to compare absolute values, with cross-classification (Chi-Square and Weighted Kappa) used to compare agreement across tertiles. Results : All reproducibility tests showed good agreement except weighted kappa, which showed acceptable agreement. Relative validity tests revealed a mix of good and acceptable agreement, with total sugars performing better at the individual level than free sugars. Compared to the 24HR, the SMILE-FFQ tended to underestimate absolute values at lower levels and overestimate them at higher levels. Conclusions : The combined findings of the various tests indicate that the SMILE-FFQ performs comparably to the 24HR for assessing both total and free sugars among individuals, is most effective for ranking participants rather than determining absolute intakes, and is therefore suitable for use in observational studies of Australian toddlers.

Suggested Citation

  • Gemma Devenish & Aqif Mukhtar & Andrea Begley & Loc Do & Jane Scott, 2017. "Development and Relative Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intakes of Total and Free Sugars in Australian Toddlers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1361-:d:118066
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Inge Huybrechts & Guy De Backer & Dirk De Bacquer & Lea Maes & Stefaan De Henauw, 2009. "Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Food Intakes among Flemish Preschoolers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Miaobing Zheng & Mihiri Silva & Stephanie Heitkonig & Gavin Abbott & Sarah A. McNaughton & Karen J. Campbell, 2023. "Evaluation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Capturing Free Sugars Intake in Australian Young Children: The InFANT FFQ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-9, January.
    2. Lucinda K. Bell & Huy V. Nguyen & Diep H. Ha & Gemma Devenish-Coleman & Rebecca K. Golley & Loc G. Do & Jane A. Scott, 2024. "Predictors of Free Sugars Intake Trajectories across Early Childhood—Results from the SMILE Birth Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-10, February.

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