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Health Outcomes of Exposure to Biological and Chemical Components of Inhalable and Respirable Particulate Matter

Author

Listed:
  • Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Raymond Paul Hunter

    (Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution and a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans. PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and associated health effects, there is a dearth of review studies that holistically examine the role of biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM in disease causation. A literature search using various search engines and (or) keywords was done. Articles selected for review were chosen following predefined criteria, to extract and analyze data. The results show that the biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM play a significant role in the burden of health effects attributed to PM. These health outcomes include low birth weight, emergency room visit, hospital admission, respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-communicable diseases, and premature death, among others. This review justifies the importance of each or synergistic effects of the biological and chemical constituents of PM on health. It also provides information that informs policy on the establishment of exposure limits for PM composition metrics rather than the existing exposure limits of the total mass of PM. This will allow for more effective management strategies for improving outdoor air quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo & Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu & Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola & Raymond Paul Hunter, 2016. "Health Outcomes of Exposure to Biological and Chemical Components of Inhalable and Respirable Particulate Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:6:p:592-:d:71970
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Barouch Giechaskiel, 2018. "Solid Particle Number Emission Factors of Euro VI Heavy-Duty Vehicles on the Road and in the Laboratory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Egide Kalisa & Stephen Archer & Edward Nagato & Elias Bizuru & Kevin Lee & Ning Tang & Stephen Pointing & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Donnabella Lacap-Bugler, 2019. "Chemical and Biological Components of Urban Aerosols in Africa: Current Status and Knowledge Gaps," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Hyeon-Ju Oh & Yoohan Ma & Jongbok Kim, 2020. "Human Inhalation Exposure to Aerosol and Health Effect: Aerosol Monitoring and Modelling Regional Deposited Doses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-18, March.
    4. Denis Vinnikov & Zhanna Romanova & Aizhan Raushanova & Arailym Beisbekova & Ermanno Vitale & Gulnar Bimuratova & Venerando Rapisarda, 2023. "Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter and Its Association with Respiratory Outcomes in Beauty Salon Personnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.
    5. Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo & Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu & Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola & Tshifhiwa Godobedzha, 2019. "Biological Composition of Respirable Particulate Matter in an Industrial Vicinity in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Mushtaq Ahmad & Jing Chen & Qing Yu & Muhammad Tariq Khan & Syed Weqas Ali & Asim Nawab & Worradorn Phairuang & Sirima Panyametheekul, 2023. "Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM 2.5 in Lahore, Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    7. Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes & Wilfried Karmaus & Vanessa E. Murphy & Peter G. Gibson & Elizabeth Percival & Philip M. Hansbro & Malcolm R. Starkey & Joerg Mattes & Adam M. Collison, 2021. "Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Lu Zhou & Yingmin Tao & Xiaozhen Su & Xiyin Chen & Liang Li & Qingyan Fu & Juan Xie & Renjie Chen, 2022. "Short-Term Associations between Size-Fractioned Particles and Cardiopulmonary Function in COPD Patients: A Panel Study in Shanghai, China, during 2014–2021," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-12, September.

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