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The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene

Author

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  • Guy Hutton

    (United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY 10017, USA
    Water and Sanitation Program, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA)

  • Claire Chase

    (Water and Sanitation Program, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA)

Abstract

Safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to an improved standard of living. Globally, 91% of households used improved drinking water sources in 2015, while for improved sanitation it is 68%. Wealth disparities are stark, with rural populations, slum dwellers and marginalized groups lagging significantly behind. Service coverage is significantly lower when considering the new water and sanitation targets under the sustainable development goals (SDGs) which aspire to a higher standard of ‘safely managed’ water and sanitation. Lack of access to WASH can have an economic impact as much as 7% of Gross Domestic Product, not including the social and environmental consequences. Research points to significant health and socio-economic consequences of poor nutritional status, child growth and school performance caused by inadequate WASH. Groundwater over-extraction and pollution of surface water bodies have serious impacts on water resource availability and biodiversity, while climate change exacerbates the health risks of water insecurity. A significant literature documents the beneficial impacts of WASH interventions, and a growing number of impact evaluation studies assess how interventions are optimally financed, implemented and sustained. Many innovations in behavior change and service delivery offer potential for scaling up services to meet the SDGs.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Hutton & Claire Chase, 2016. "The Knowledge Base for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Targets on Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-35, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:6:p:536-:d:70942
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    2. Hans C. Komakech & Francis Moyo & Oscar Veses Roda & Revocatus L. Machunda & Kyla M. Smith & Om P. Gautam & Sandy Cairncross, 2019. "What Proportion Counts? Disaggregating Access to Safely Managed Sanitation in an Emerging Town in Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
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    5. Charlotte D. Smith & Kaitlyn Jackson & Hannah Peters & Susana Herrera Lima, 2020. "Lack of Safe Drinking Water for Lake Chapala Basin Communities in Mexico Inhibits Progress toward Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 6," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-12, November.
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    7. Xiaomei Wang & Lin Zhang & Xiaoyu Jiang & Jia Wang, 2021. "Promoting Water Conservation Based on the Matching Effect of Regulatory Focus and Emotion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    8. Darcy M. Anderson & Ryan Cronk & Lucy Best & Mark Radin & Hayley Schram & J. Wren Tracy & Jamie Bartram, 2020. "Budgeting for Environmental Health Services in Healthcare Facilities: A Ten-Step Model for Planning and Costing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-22, March.
    9. Jiseon You & Chad Staddon & Alan Cook & James Walker & Jess Boulton & Wayne Powell & Ioannis Ieropoulos, 2020. "Multidimensional Benefits of Improved Sanitation: Evaluating ‘PEE POWER ® ’ in Kisoro, Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, March.
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    11. Marieke J. Oskam & Milena Pavlova & Charles Hongoro & Wim Groot, 2021. "Socio-Economic Inequalities in Access to Drinking Water among Inhabitants of Informal Settlements in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-19, October.
    12. Seungman Cha & Sunghoon Jung & Dawit Belew Bizuneh & Tadesse Abera & Young-Ah Doh & Jieun Seong & Ian Ross, 2020. "Benefits and Costs of a Community-Led Total Sanitation Intervention in Rural Ethiopia—A Trial-Based Ex Post Economic Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-21, July.
    13. Shalik Ram Dhital & Catherine Chojenta & Tiffany-Jane Evans & Tri Dev Acharya & Deborah Loxton, 2022. "Prevalence and Correlates of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and Spatial Distribution of Unimproved WASH in Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Chao Wang & Jing Pan & Sanni Yaya & Ram Bilash Yadav & Dechao Yao, 2019. "Geographic Inequalities in Accessing Improved Water and Sanitation Facilities in Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-13, April.
    15. Susana Torres López & Maria de los Angeles Barrionuevo & Beatriz Rodríguez-Labajos, 2023. "A new operational approach for understanding water-related interactions to achieve water sustainability in growing cities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 122-137, January.

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