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Evaluation of E-Cigarette Liquid Vapor and Mainstream Cigarette Smoke after Direct Exposure of Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Stefanie Scheffler

    (Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany)

  • Hauke Dieken

    (Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany)

  • Olaf Krischenowski

    (Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany)

  • Christine Förster

    (Institute of Pathology, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

  • Detlev Branscheid

    (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany)

  • Michaela Aufderheide

    (Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany)

Abstract

E-cigarettes are emerging products, often described as “reduced-risk” nicotine products or alternatives to combustible cigarettes. Many smokers switch to e-cigarettes to quit or significantly reduce smoking. However, no regulations for e-cigarettes are currently into force, so that the quality and safety of e-liquids is not necessarily guaranteed. We exposed primary human bronchial epithelial cells of two different donors to vapor of e-cigarette liquid with or without nicotine, vapor of the carrier substances propylene glycol and glycerol as well as to mainstream smoke of K3R4F research cigarettes. The exposure was done in a CULTEX ® RFS compact module, allowing the exposure of the cells at the air-liquid interface. 24 h post-exposure, cell viability and oxidative stress levels in the cells were analyzed. We found toxicological effects of e-cigarette vapor and the pure carrier substances, whereas the nicotine concentration did not have an effect on the cell viability. The viability of mainstream smoke cigarette exposed cells was 4.5–8 times lower and the oxidative stress levels 4.5–5 times higher than those of e-cigarette vapor exposed cells, depending on the donor. Our experimental setup delivered reproducible data and thus provides the opportunity for routine testing of e-cigarette liquids to ensure safety and quality for the user.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefanie Scheffler & Hauke Dieken & Olaf Krischenowski & Christine Förster & Detlev Branscheid & Michaela Aufderheide, 2015. "Evaluation of E-Cigarette Liquid Vapor and Mainstream Cigarette Smoke after Direct Exposure of Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-11, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:4:p:3915-3925:d:47846
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Elena Allifranchini & Emiliano Ripamonti & Elena Bocchietto & Stefano Todeschi & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Vassilis Voudris, 2013. "Comparison of the Cytotoxic Potential of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapour Extract on Cultured Myocardial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Konstantinos E. Farsalinos & Giorgio Romagna & Dimitris Tsiapras & Stamatis Kyrzopoulos & Vassilis Voudris, 2013. "Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) Topography and Estimation of Liquid Consumption: Implications for Research Protocol Standards Definition and for Public Health Authorities’ Regulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-15, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Omar Andrés Bravo-Gutiérrez & Ramcés Falfán-Valencia & Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas & Raúl H. Sansores & Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez & Gloria Pérez-Rubio, 2021. "Lung Damage Caused by Heated Tobacco Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Stefanie Scheffler & Hauke Dieken & Olaf Krischenowski & Michaela Aufderheide, 2015. "Cytotoxic Evaluation of e-Liquid Aerosol using Different Lung-Derived Cell Models," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-9, October.
    3. Nargiz Travis & Marie Knoll & Steven Cook & Hayoung Oh & Christopher J. Cadham & Luz María Sánchez-Romero & David T. Levy, 2023. "Chemical Profiles and Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: An Umbrella Review and Methodological Considerations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Anna M. Morris & Stephen S. Leonard & Jefferson R. Fowles & Theresa E. Boots & Anna Mnatsakanova & Kathleen R. Attfield, 2021. "Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Rossella Bengalli & Emanuele Ferri & Massimo Labra & Paride Mantecca, 2017. "Lung Toxicity of Condensed Aerosol from E-CIG Liquids: Influence of the Flavor and the In Vitro Model Used," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Cosima Hoetger & Rose S. Bono & Nicole E. Nicksic & Andrew J. Barnes & Caroline O. Cobb, 2019. "Influence of Electronic Cigarette Characteristics on Susceptibility, Perceptions, and Abuse Liability Indices among Combustible Tobacco Cigarette Smokers and Non-Smokers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-15, May.

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