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Optimal Coordinated Management of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Station under a Flexible Penalty Contract for Voltage Security

Author

Listed:
  • Jip Kim

    (Power System Research Division, Korea Electrical Engineering & Science Research Institute, Bldg. 130, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Seung Wan Kim

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Young Gyu Jin

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Jong-Keun Park

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea)

  • Yong Tae Yoon

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea)

Abstract

The increasing penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) may cause a low-voltage problem in the distribution network. In particular, the introduction of charging stations where multiple PEVs are simultaneously charged at the same bus can aggravate the low-voltage problem. Unlike a distribution network operator (DNO) who has the overall responsibility for stable and reliable network operation, a charging station operator (CSO) may schedule PEV charging without consideration for the resulting severe voltage drop. Therefore, there is a need for the DNO to impose a coordination measure to induce the CSO to adjust its charging schedule to help mitigate the voltage problem. Although the current time-of-use (TOU) tariff is an indirect coordination measure that can motivate the CSO to shift its charging demand to off-peak time by imposing a high rate at the peak time, it is limited by its rigidity in that the network voltage condition cannot be flexibly reflected in the tariff. Therefore, a flexible penalty contract (FPC) for voltage security to be used as a direct coordination measure is proposed. In addition, the optimal coordinated management is formulated. Using the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) 69-bus test distribution network, the effectiveness of the coordination was verified by comparison with the current TOU tariff.

Suggested Citation

  • Jip Kim & Seung Wan Kim & Young Gyu Jin & Jong-Keun Park & Yong Tae Yoon, 2016. "Optimal Coordinated Management of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Station under a Flexible Penalty Contract for Voltage Security," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:7:p:538-:d:73837
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kristoffersen, Trine Krogh & Capion, Karsten & Meibom, Peter, 2011. "Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1940-1948, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ibtihal Abdelmotteleb & Tomás Gómez & Javier Reneses, 2017. "Evaluation Methodology for Tariff Design under Escalating Penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao & Shixin Song & Cheng Chang & Fang Zhou & Silun Peng & Feng Xiao, 2017. "Energy Management of Parallel-Connected Cells in Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Logic Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Zhenya Ji & Xueliang Huang & Changfu Xu & Houtao Sun, 2016. "Accelerated Model Predictive Control for Electric Vehicle Integrated Microgrid Energy Management: A Hybrid Robust and Stochastic Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Elio Chiodo & Maurizio Fantauzzi & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola, 2018. "A Probabilistic Approach for the Optimal Sizing of Storage Devices to Increase the Penetration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Direct Current Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-20, May.

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