IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v123y2014icp1-12.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal charging of an electric vehicle using a Markov decision process

Author

Listed:
  • Iversen, Emil B.
  • Morales, Juan M.
  • Madsen, Henrik

Abstract

The combination of electric vehicles and renewable energy is taking shape as a potential driver for a future free of fossil fuels. However, the efficient management of the electric vehicle fleet is not exempt from challenges. It calls for the involvement of all actors directly or indirectly related to the energy and transportation sectors, ranging from governments, automakers and transmission system operators, to the ultimate beneficiary of the change: the end-user. An electric vehicle is primarily to be used to satisfy driving needs, and accordingly charging policies must be designed primarily for this purpose. The charging models presented in the technical literature, however, overlook the stochastic nature of driving patterns. Here we introduce an efficient stochastic dynamic programming model to optimally charge an electric vehicle while accounting for the uncertainty inherent to its use. With this aim in mind, driving patterns are described by an inhomogeneous Markov model that is fitted using data collected from the utilization of an electric vehicle. We show that the randomness intrinsic to driving needs has a substantial impact on the charging strategy to be implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Iversen, Emil B. & Morales, Juan M. & Madsen, Henrik, 2014. "Optimal charging of an electric vehicle using a Markov decision process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-12.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:123:y:2014:i:c:p:1-12
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914001226
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kiviluoma, Juha & Meibom, Peter, 2010. "Influence of wind power, plug-in electric vehicles, and heat storages on power system investments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1244-1255.
    2. Ramteen Sioshansi, 2012. "OR Forum---Modeling the Impacts of Electricity Tariffs on Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging, Costs, and Emissions," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 60(3), pages 506-516, June.
    3. Weiller, Claire, 2011. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on hourly electricity demand in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3766-3778, June.
    4. Kristoffersen, Trine Krogh & Capion, Karsten & Meibom, Peter, 2011. "Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1940-1948, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Harris, Chioke B. & Webber, Michael E., 2014. "An empirically-validated methodology to simulate electricity demand for electric vehicle charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 172-181.
    2. Abolhosseini, Shahrouz & Heshmati, Almas & Altmann, Jörn, 2014. "A Review of Renewable Energy Supply and Energy Efficiency Technologies," IZA Discussion Papers 8145, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. repec:diw:diwwpp:dp1442 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Nurre, Sarah G. & Bent, Russell & Pan, Feng & Sharkey, Thomas C., 2014. "Managing operations of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) exchange stations for use with a smart grid," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 364-377.
    5. Lai Wei & Yongpei Guan, 2014. "Optimal Control of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Market Impact and Risk Attitude," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(4), pages 467-482, November.
    6. Hedegaard, Karsten & Ravn, Hans & Juul, Nina & Meibom, Peter, 2012. "Effects of electric vehicles on power systems in Northern Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 356-368.
    7. Yang, Zhile & Li, Kang & Foley, Aoife, 2015. "Computational scheduling methods for integrating plug-in electric vehicles with power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 396-416.
    8. Arslan, Okan & Karasan, Oya Ekin, 2013. "Cost and emission impacts of virtual power plant formation in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle penetrated networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 116-124.
    9. Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gerbaulet, Clemens, 2015. "Power system impacts of electric vehicles in Germany: Charging with coal or renewables?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 185-196.
    10. Speidel, Stuart & Bräunl, Thomas, 2014. "Driving and charging patterns of electric vehicles for energy usage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 97-110.
    11. Božič, Dušan & Pantoš, Miloš, 2015. "Impact of electric-drive vehicles on power system reliability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 511-520.
    12. Kristoffersen, Trine Krogh & Capion, Karsten & Meibom, Peter, 2011. "Optimal charging of electric drive vehicles in a market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1940-1948, May.
    13. Sousa, Tiago & Morais, Hugo & Soares, João & Vale, Zita, 2012. "Day-ahead resource scheduling in smart grids considering Vehicle-to-Grid and network constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 183-193.
    14. Biegel, Benjamin & Hansen, Lars Henrik & Stoustrup, Jakob & Andersen, Palle & Harbo, Silas, 2014. "Value of flexible consumption in the electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 354-362.
    15. Poria Astero & Bong Jun Choi & Hao Liang & Lennart Söder, 2017. "Transactive Demand Side Management Programs in Smart Grids with High Penetration of EVs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    16. Saxena, Samveg & Gopal, Anand & Phadke, Amol, 2014. "Electrical consumption of two-, three- and four-wheel light-duty electric vehicles in India," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 582-590.
    17. Graabak, Ingeborg & Wu, Qiuwei & Warland, Leif & Liu, Zhaoxi, 2016. "Optimal planning of the Nordic transmission system with 100% electric vehicle penetration of passenger cars by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 648-660.
    18. Niina Helistö & Juha Kiviluoma & Hannele Holttinen & Jose Daniel Lara & Bri‐Mathias Hodge, 2019. "Including operational aspects in the planning of power systems with large amounts of variable generation: A review of modeling approaches," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(5), September.
    19. Shi You & Junjie Hu & Charalampos Ziras, 2016. "An Overview of Modeling Approaches Applied to Aggregation-Based Fleet Management and Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, November.
    20. Kuang, Yanqing & Chen, Yang & Hu, Mengqi & Yang, Dong, 2017. "Influence analysis of driver behavior and building category on economic performance of electric vehicle to grid and building integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 427-437.
    21. Cui, Jingshi & Wu, Jiaman & Wu, Chenye & Moura, Scott, 2023. "Electric vehicles embedded virtual power plants dispatch mechanism design considering charging efficiencies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:123:y:2014:i:c:p:1-12. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.