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Combined Turbine and Cycle Optimization for Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems—Part B: Application on a Case Study

Author

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  • Angelo La Seta

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels allé, Building 403, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark)

  • Andrea Meroni

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels allé, Building 403, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark)

  • Jesper Graa Andreasen

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels allé, Building 403, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark)

  • Leonardo Pierobon

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels allé, Building 403, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark)

  • Giacomo Persico

    (Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, Milano 20156, Italy)

  • Fredrik Haglind

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels allé, Building 403, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark)

Abstract

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems have recently emerged as promising solutions for waste heat recovery in low- and medium-size power plants. Their performance and economic feasibility strongly depend on the expander. The design process and efficiency estimation are particularly challenging due to the peculiar physical properties of the working fluid and the gas-dynamic phenomena occurring in the machine. Unlike steam Rankine and Brayton engines, organic Rankine cycle expanders combine small enthalpy drops with large expansion ratios. These features yield turbine designs with few highly-loaded stages in supersonic flow regimes. Part A of this two-part paper has presented the implementation and validation of the simulation tool TURAX, which provides the optimal preliminary design of single-stage axial-flow turbines. The authors have also presented a sensitivity analysis on the decision variables affecting the turbine design. Part B of this two-part paper presents the first application of a design method where the thermodynamic cycle optimization is combined with calculations of the maximum expander performance using the mean-line design tool described in part A. The high computational cost of the turbine optimization is tackled by building a model which gives the optimal preliminary design of an axial-flow turbine as a function of the cycle conditions. This allows for estimating the optimal expander performance for each operating condition of interest. The test case is the preliminary design of an organic Rankine cycle turbogenerator to increase the overall energy efficiency of an offshore platform. For an increase in expander pressure ratio from 10 to 35, the results indicate up to 10% point reduction in expander performance. This corresponds to a relative reduction in net power output of 8.3% compared to the case when the turbine efficiency is assumed to be 80%. This work also demonstrates that this approach can support the plant designer in the selection of the optimal size of the organic Rankine cycle unit when multiple exhaust gas streams are available.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelo La Seta & Andrea Meroni & Jesper Graa Andreasen & Leonardo Pierobon & Giacomo Persico & Fredrik Haglind, 2016. "Combined Turbine and Cycle Optimization for Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems—Part B: Application on a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:6:p:393-:d:70686
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierobon, Leonardo & Nguyen, Tuong-Van & Larsen, Ulrik & Haglind, Fredrik & Elmegaard, Brian, 2013. "Multi-objective optimization of organic Rankine cycles for waste heat recovery: Application in an offshore platform," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 538-549.
    2. Astolfi, Marco & Romano, Matteo C. & Bombarda, Paola & Macchi, Ennio, 2014. "Binary ORC (organic Rankine cycles) power plants for the exploitation of medium–low temperature geothermal sources – Part A: Thermodynamic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 423-434.
    3. Andreasen, J.G. & Larsen, U. & Knudsen, T. & Pierobon, L. & Haglind, F., 2014. "Selection and optimization of pure and mixed working fluids for low grade heat utilization using organic Rankine cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 204-213.
    4. Kang, Seok Hun, 2012. "Design and experimental study of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and radial turbine using R245fa working fluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 514-524.
    5. Andrea Meroni & Angelo La Seta & Jesper Graa Andreasen & Leonardo Pierobon & Giacomo Persico & Fredrik Haglind, 2016. "Combined Turbine and Cycle Optimization for Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems—Part A: Turbine Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Astolfi, Marco & Romano, Matteo C. & Bombarda, Paola & Macchi, Ennio, 2014. "Binary ORC (Organic Rankine Cycles) power plants for the exploitation of medium–low temperature geothermal sources – Part B: Techno-economic optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 435-446.
    7. Larsen, Ulrik & Pierobon, Leonardo & Haglind, Fredrik & Gabrielii, Cecilia, 2013. "Design and optimisation of organic Rankine cycles for waste heat recovery in marine applications using the principles of natural selection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 803-812.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fuhaid Alshammari & Apostolos Karvountzis-Kontakiotis & Apostolos Pesyridis & Muhammad Usman, 2018. "Expander Technologies for Automotive Engine Organic Rankine Cycle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-36, July.
    2. Meroni, Andrea & Robertson, Miles & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Haglind, Fredrik, 2018. "A methodology for the preliminary design and performance prediction of high-pressure ratio radial-inflow turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1062-1078.
    3. Palagi, Laura & Sciubba, Enrico & Tocci, Lorenzo, 2019. "A neural network approach to the combined multi-objective optimization of the thermodynamic cycle and the radial inflow turbine for Organic Rankine cycle applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 210-226.
    4. Jesper Graa Andreasen & Andrea Meroni & Fredrik Haglind, 2017. "A Comparison of Organic and Steam Rankine Cycle Power Systems for Waste Heat Recovery on Large Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-23, April.
    5. Peng, Ningjian & Wang, Enhua & Wang, Wenli, 2023. "Design and analysis of a 1.5 kW single-stage partial-admission impulse turbine for low-grade energy utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    6. Luca Riboldi & Lars O. Nord, 2017. "Lifetime Assessment of Combined Cycles for Cogeneration of Power and Heat in Offshore Oil and Gas Installations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, May.
    7. Meroni, Andrea & Zühlsdorf, Benjamin & Elmegaard, Brian & Haglind, Fredrik, 2018. "Design of centrifugal compressors for heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 139-156.
    8. Persico, Giacomo & Romei, Alessandro & Dossena, Vincenzo & Gaetani, Paolo, 2018. "Impact of shape-optimization on the unsteady aerodynamics and performance of a centrifugal turbine for ORC applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 2-11.
    9. Ningjian Peng & Enhua Wang & Hongguang Zhang, 2021. "Preliminary Design of an Axial-Flow Turbine for Small-Scale Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-20, August.
    10. Meroni, Andrea & Andreasen, Jesper Graa & Persico, Giacomo & Haglind, Fredrik, 2018. "Optimization of organic Rankine cycle power systems considering multistage axial turbine design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 339-354.
    11. Enhua Wang & Ningjian Peng, 2023. "A Review on the Preliminary Design of Axial and Radial Turbines for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-20, April.

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