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A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water

Author

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  • Ning Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Bo Yan

    (State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Xian-Ming Xiao

    (State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

Abstract

With the growing demand for energy and the depletion of conventional crude oil, heavy oil in huge reserve has attracted extensive attention. However, heavy oil cannot be directly refined by existing processes unless they are upgraded due to its complex composition and high concentration of heteroatoms (N, S, Ni, V, etc. ). Of the variety of techniques for heavy oil upgrading, supercritical water (SCW) is gaining popularity because of its excellent ability to convert heavy oil into valued, clean light oil by the suppression of coke formation and the removal of heteroatoms. Based on the current status of this research around the world, heavy oil upgrading in SCW is summarized from three aspects: Transformation of hydrocarbons, suppression of coke, and removal of heteroatoms. In this work, the challenge and future development of the orientation of upgrading heavy oil in SCW are pointed out.

Suggested Citation

  • Ning Li & Bo Yan & Xian-Ming Xiao, 2015. "A Review of Laboratory-Scale Research on Upgrading Heavy Oil in Supercritical Water," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-28, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:8:p:8962-8989:d:54673
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Rudyk, Svetlana & Spirov, Pavel, 2014. "Upgrading and extraction of bitumen from Nigerian tar sand by supercritical carbon dioxide," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1397-1404.
    3. Guo, Y. & Wang, S.Z. & Xu, D.H. & Gong, Y.M. & Ma, H.H. & Tang, X.Y., 2010. "Review of catalytic supercritical water gasification for hydrogen production from biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 334-343, January.
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