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Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NO x Emission Performance of a Low NO x Burner

Author

Listed:
  • Marcin Dutka

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1b, Trondheim 7491, Norway)

  • Mario Ditaranto

    (SINTEF Energy Research, Sem Sælands vei 11, Trondheim 7034, Norway
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Terese Løvås

    (Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Kolbjørn Hejes vei 1b, Trondheim 7491, Norway
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

In this study, the influence of various factors on nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions of a low NO x burner is investigated using a central composite design (CCD) approach to an experimental matrix in order to show the applicability of design of experiments methodology to the combustion field. Four factors have been analyzed in terms of their impact on NO x formation: hydrogen fraction in the fuel (0%–15% mass fraction in hydrogen-enriched methane), amount of excess air (5%–30%), burner head position (20–25 mm from the burner throat) and secondary fuel fraction provided to the burner (0%–6%). The measurements were performed at a constant thermal load equal to 25 kW (calculated based on lower heating value). Response surface methodology and CCD were used to develop a second-degree polynomial regression model of the burner NO x emissions. The significance of the tested factors over their respective ranges has been evaluated using the analysis of variance and by the consideration of the coefficients of the model equation. Results show that hydrogen addition to methane leads to increased NO x emissions in comparison to emissions from pure methane combustion. Hydrogen content in a fuel is the strongest factor affecting NO x emissions among all the factors tested. Lower NO x formation because of increased excess air was observed when the burner was fuelled by pure methane, but this effect diminished for hydrogen-rich fuel mixtures. NO x emissions were slightly reduced when the burner head was shifted closer to the burner outer tube, whereas a secondary fuel stream provided to the burner was found to have no impact on NO x emissions over the investigated range of factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Dutka & Mario Ditaranto & Terese Løvås, 2015. "Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NO x Emission Performance of a Low NO x Burner," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:5:p:3606-3627:d:48924
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. JONES, Bradley & GOOS, Peter, 2012. "I-optimal versus D-optimal split-plot response surface designs," Working Papers 2012002, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
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    2. Andrey Rogalev & Nikolay Rogalev & Vladimir Kindra & Ivan Komarov & Olga Zlyvko, 2021. "Research and Development of the Oxy-Fuel Combustion Power Cycles with CO 2 Recirculation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.

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