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Real World Operation of a Complex Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Analysis of Its CO 2 Emissions and Operating Costs

Author

Listed:
  • Federico Millo

    (Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 24 10129, Italy)

  • Luciano Rolando

    (Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 24 10129, Italy)

  • Rocco Fuso

    (Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 24 10129, Italy)

Abstract

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (pHEVs) could represent the stepping stone to move towards a more sustainable mobility and combine the benefits of electric powertrains with the high range capability of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, despite the huge potential in terms of CO 2 emissions reduction, the performance of such vehicles has to be deeply investigated in real world driving conditions considering also the CO 2 production related to battery recharge which, on the contrary, is currently only partially considered by the European regulation to foster the diffusion of pHEVs. Therefore, this paper aims to assess, through numerical simulation, the real performance of a test case pHEV, the energy management system (EMS) of which is targeted to the minimization of its overall CO 2 emissions. The paper highlights, at the same time, the relevance of the CO 2 production related to the battery recharge from the power grid. Different technologies mixes used to produce the electricity required for the battery recharge are also taken into account in order to assess the influence of this parameter on the vehicle CO 2 emissions. Finally, since the operating cost still represents the main driver in orienting the customer’s choice, an alternative approach for the EMS, targeted to the minimization of this variable, is also analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Federico Millo & Luciano Rolando & Rocco Fuso, 2014. "Real World Operation of a Complex Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Analysis of Its CO 2 Emissions and Operating Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:7:p:4554-4570:d:38195
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Millo, Federico & Rolando, Luciano & Fuso, Rocco & Mallamo, Fabio, 2014. "Real CO2 emissions benefits and end user’s operating costs of a plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 563-571.
    2. Baptista, Patrícia & Ribau, João & Bravo, João & Silva, Carla & Adcock, Paul & Kells, Ashley, 2011. "Fuel cell hybrid taxi life cycle analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 4683-4691, September.
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    1. Dennis Dreier & Björn Rudin & Mark Howells, 2020. "Comparison of management strategies for the charging schedule and all-electric operation of a plug-in hybrid-electric bi-articulated bus fleet," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 363-404, June.
    2. H. Christopher Frey & Xiaohui Zheng & Jiangchuan Hu, 2020. "Variability in Measured Real-World Operational Energy Use and Emission Rates of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-23, March.

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