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Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Ferri

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Simon Ambühl

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Boris Fischer

    (Division Control Engineering and Energy Storages, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy andEnergy System Technology (IWES), Koenigstor 59, Kassel, Germany)

  • Jens Peter Kofoed

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, Aalborg, Denmark)

Abstract

In order to reduce the cost of electricity produced by wave energy converters (WECs), the benefit of selling electricity as well as the investment costs of the structure has to be considered. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the control strategy for a WEC with respect to both energy output and structural fatigue loads. Different active and passive control strategies are implemented (proportional (P) controller, proportional-integral (PI) controller, proportional-integral-derivative with memory compensation (PID) controller, model predictive control (MPC) and maximum energy controller (MEC)), and load time-series resulting from numerical simulations are used to design structural parts based on fatigue analysis using rain-flow counting, Stress-Number (SN) curves and Miner’s rule. The objective of the methodology is to obtain a cost-effective WEC with a more comprehensive analysis of a WEC based on a combination of well known control strategies and standardised fatigue methods. The presented method is then applied to a particular case study, the Wavestar WEC, for a specific location in the North Sea. Results, which are based on numerical simulations, show the importance of balancing the gained power against structural fatigue. Based on a simple cost model, the PI controller is shown as a viable solution.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Ferri & Simon Ambühl & Boris Fischer & Jens Peter Kofoed, 2014. "Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-28, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:4:p:2246-2273:d:34905
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tunde Aderinto & Hua Li, 2019. "Review on Power Performance and Efficiency of Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
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    3. Jinming Wu & Yingxue Yao & Liang Zhou & Malin Göteman, 2017. "Latching and Declutching Control of the Solo Duck Wave-Energy Converter with Different Load Types," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Masoomi, Mobin & Sarlak, Hamid & Rezanejad, Kourosh, 2023. "Hydrodynamic performance analysis of a new hybrid wave energy converter system using OpenFOAM," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Josh Davidson & John V. Ringwood, 2017. "Mathematical Modelling of Mooring Systems for Wave Energy Converters—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-46, May.
    6. Ryan G. Coe & Yi-Hsiang Yu & Jennifer Van Rij, 2017. "A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Collins, Ieuan & Hossain, Mokarram & Dettmer, Wulf & Masters, Ian, 2021. "Flexible membrane structures for wave energy harvesting: A review of the developments, materials and computational modelling approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    8. Sudath Prasanna Gunawardane & Chathura Jayan Kankanamge & Tomiji Watabe, 2016. "Study on the Performance of the “Pendulor” Wave Energy Converter in an Array Configuration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-26, April.
    9. Zhang, Jincheng & Zhao, Xiaowei & Jin, Siya & Greaves, Deborah, 2022. "Phase-resolved real-time ocean wave prediction with quantified uncertainty based on variational Bayesian machine learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    10. Paduano, Bruno & Parrinello, Luca & Niosi, Francesco & Dell’Edera, Oronzo & Sirigu, Sergej Antonello & Faedo, Nicolás & Mattiazzo, Giuliana, 2024. "Towards standardised design of wave energy converters: A high-fidelity modelling approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    11. Luca Martinelli & Giulio Capovilla & Matteo Volpato & Piero Ruol & Chiara Favaretto & Eva Loukogeorgaki & Mauro Andriollo, 2023. "Experimental Investigation of a Hybrid Device Combining a Wave Energy Converter and a Floating Breakwater in a Wave Flume Equipped with a Controllable Actuator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, December.
    12. Simon Ambühl & Morten Kramer & John Dalsgaard Sørensen, 2014. "Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-23, December.
    13. Hua Liu & Weijun Wang & Shuai Tang & Longbo Mao & Hongju Mi & Guoping Zhang & Jun Liu, 2019. "Reliability Assessment of Water Hydraulic-Drive Wave-Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, November.
    14. Gaspar, José F. & Calvário, Miguel & Kamarlouei, Mojtaba & Guedes Soares, C., 2016. "Power take-off concept for wave energy converters based on oil-hydraulic transformer units," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1232-1246.

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