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Navigating the Implementation of Tax Credits for Natural-Gas-Based Low-Carbon-Intensity Hydrogen Projects

Author

Listed:
  • Ning Lin

    (Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA)

  • Liying Xu

    (Paul Dickinson School of Business, Oklahoma Baptist University, Shawnee, OK 74804, USA)

Abstract

This paper delves into the critical role of tax credits, specifically Sections 45Q and 45V, in the financing and economic feasibility of low-carbon-intensity hydrogen projects, with a focus on natural-gas-based hydrogen production plants integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS). This study covers the current clean energy landscape, underscoring the importance of low-carbon hydrogen as a key component in the transition to a sustainable energy future, and then explicates the mechanics of the 45Q and 45V tax credits, illustrating their direct impact on enhancing the economic attractiveness of such projects through a detailed net present value (NPV) model analysis. Our analysis reveals that the application of 45Q and 45V tax credits significantly reduces the levelized cost of hydrogen production, with scenarios indicating a reduction in cost ranging from USD 0.41/kg to USD 0.81/kg of hydrogen. Specifically, the 45Q tax credit demonstrates a slightly more advantageous impact on reducing costs compared to the 45V tax credit, underpinning the critical role of these fiscal measures in enhancing project returns and feasibility. Furthermore, this paper addresses the inherent limitations of utilizing tax credits, primarily the challenge posed by the mismatch between the scale of tax credits and the tax liability of the project developers. The concept and role of tax equity investments are discussed in response to this challenge. These findings contribute to the broader dialogue on the financing of sustainable energy projects, providing valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and developers in the hydrogen energy sector. By quantifying the economic benefits of tax credits and elucidating the role of tax equity investments, our research supports informed decision-making and strategic planning in the pursuit of a sustainable energy future.

Suggested Citation

  • Ning Lin & Liying Xu, 2024. "Navigating the Implementation of Tax Credits for Natural-Gas-Based Low-Carbon-Intensity Hydrogen Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1604-:d:1365123
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ren, Bo & Male, Frank & Duncan, Ian J., 2022. "Economic analysis of CCUS: Accelerated development for CO2 EOR and storage in residual oil zones under the context of 45Q tax credit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    2. Lei Yang & Shuning Wang & Zhihu Zhang & Kai Lin & Minggang Zheng, 2023. "Current Development Status, Policy Support and Promotion Path of China’s Green Hydrogen Industries under the Target of Carbon Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
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