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Scaling-Up of Solution-Processable Tungsten Trioxide (WO 3 ) Nanoparticles as a Hole Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Photovoltaics

Author

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  • Atiq Ur Rahman

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Aliah El Astal-Quirós

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
    DGTCSI-ISCTI (Direzione Generale per le Tecnologie delle Comunicazioni e la Sicurezza Informatica-Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie Dell’informazione), Ministero dell’Impresa e del Made in Italy (MIMIt), Viale America, 201, 00144 Rome, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gianpaolo Susanna

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
    DGTCSI-ISCTI (Direzione Generale per le Tecnologie delle Comunicazioni e la Sicurezza Informatica-Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie Dell’informazione), Ministero dell’Impresa e del Made in Italy (MIMIt), Viale America, 201, 00144 Rome, Italy)

  • Hamed Javanbakht

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Emanuele Calabrò

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
    Greatcell Solar Italia, Viale Castro Pretorio 122, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Giuseppina Polino

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Barbara Paci

    (SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia C.N.R, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Amanda Generosi

    (SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia C.N.R, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Flavia Righi Riva

    (SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia C.N.R, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Francesca Brunetti

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Andrea Reale

    (CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) and Department of Electronic Engineering, University Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

We reported the comparative studies of the optimization of solution-processable tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) as a hole transporting layer (HTL) in inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using spin coating, slot-die coating, and spray coating technologies for scaling-up applications. To facilitate the technology’s transition into commercial manufacturing, it is necessary to explore the role of scalable technologies for low-cost and efficient device fabrication. We investigated the role of diluting WO 3 with isopropanol as an HTL in inverted OPVs to solve the issue of poor wettability of the hydrophobic surface of the PBDB-T: ITIC bulk heterojunction layer. The optimal dilution ratios of WO 3 with isopropanol were 1:4, 1:4 and 1:8 with spin coating, slot-die coating and spray coating techniques, respectively. We evaluated the device performance by conducting a current density–voltage (J-V) analysis, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements, and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra for various WO 3 concentrations. The J-V characteristics revealed that slot-die coating resulted in the highest performance, followed by the spray coating technology. We further investigated the impact of the annealing temperature on device performance for both slot-die- and spray-coated diluted WO 3 . The highest device performance was achieved at an annealing temperature of 120 °C for both coating technologies. This research offers valuable insights into the scalable fabrication of inverted OPV devices, paving the way for cost-effective and efficient large-scale production.

Suggested Citation

  • Atiq Ur Rahman & Aliah El Astal-Quirós & Gianpaolo Susanna & Hamed Javanbakht & Emanuele Calabrò & Giuseppina Polino & Barbara Paci & Amanda Generosi & Flavia Righi Riva & Francesca Brunetti & Andrea , 2024. "Scaling-Up of Solution-Processable Tungsten Trioxide (WO 3 ) Nanoparticles as a Hole Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Photovoltaics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:4:p:814-:d:1335745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. La Notte, Luca & Giordano, Lorena & Calabrò, Emanuele & Bedini, Roberto & Colla, Giuseppe & Puglisi, Giovanni & Reale, Andrea, 2020. "Hybrid and organic photovoltaics for greenhouse applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
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