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Waste-to-Energy Conversion of Rubberwood Residues for Enhanced Biomass Fuels: Process Optimization and Eco-Efficiency Evaluation

Author

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  • Jannisa Kasawapat

    (Engineering Graduate Program, College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Attaso Khamwichit

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

  • Wipawee Dechapanya

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand)

Abstract

Torrefaction was applied to enhance the fuel properties of sawdust (SD) and bark wood (BW), biomass wastes from the rubberwood processing industry. Design Expert (DE) software was used in an experimental design to study the effects of affecting factors including torrefaction temperature and time as well as the biomass size towards the desirable properties such as HHV, mass yield, fixed carbon content, and eco-efficiency values. Promising results showed that the HHVs of the torrefied SD (25 MJ/kg) and BW (26 MJ/kg) were significantly increased when compared to preheated SD (17 MJ/kg) and preheated BW (17 MJ/kg) and in a range similar to that of coal (25–35 MJ/kg). The TGA, FTIR, biomass compositions, and O/C ratios suggested that thermochemical reactions played a significant role in the torrefaction at which thermal degradation coupled with possible in situ chemical reactions took place, to some extent. The optimal conditions of the torrefaction were identified at 320 °C and 30 min for SD, and 325 °C and 30 min for BW. The maximum HHVs at the optimal condition were 22, 23, and 20 MJ/kg while the eco-efficiency values were 29.18, 27.89, and 13.72 kJ/kg CO 2_eq *THB for torrefied SD, torrefied BW, and coal, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that torrefied rubberwood residues enhanced HHV, eco-efficiency, and less contribution to CO 2 emissions compared to fossil fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Jannisa Kasawapat & Attaso Khamwichit & Wipawee Dechapanya, 2024. "Waste-to-Energy Conversion of Rubberwood Residues for Enhanced Biomass Fuels: Process Optimization and Eco-Efficiency Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-30, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5444-:d:1511137
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    References listed on IDEAS

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