IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i19p4938-d1491186.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Decoupling Analysis of Ignition Processes of Ammonia/N-Heptane Mixtures

Author

Listed:
  • Zheng Li

    (School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China)

  • Yilin Zhang

    (School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China)

  • Jingrui Li

    (School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
    School of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
    CSSC Marine Power Zhenjiang Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212001, China)

  • Changchun Xu

    (School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
    School of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
    CSSC Marine Power Zhenjiang Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212001, China)

  • Huabing Wen

    (School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China)

  • Jianhua Shen

    (CSSC Marine Power Zhenjiang Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212001, China)

  • Haiguo Jing

    (CSSC Marine Power Zhenjiang Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212001, China)

  • Haifeng Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Engine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)

  • Xinyan Wang

    (Center for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Hua Zhao

    (Center for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK)

Abstract

To further understand the influence of n-heptane on the ignition process of ammonia, an isotope labeling method was applied in the current investigation to decouple the influence of the chemical effect, the thermal effect, and the effect of O radical from the oxidation of n-heptane on the ignition delay times (IDTs) of ammonia. An analysis of the time evolution of fuel, analysis of the time evolution of temperature, rate of consumption and production (ROP) analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted to gain a further understanding of the mechanism of the influence of the chemical effect, the thermal effect, and the effect of O radical on the ignition of ammonia. The results showed that the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior of n-heptane is mitigated by the blending of ammonia, and this mitigated effect of ammonia is mainly due to the chemical effect. The IDTs of ammonia under low and medium temperatures are significantly shortened by the chemical effect at a n-heptane mass fraction of 10%. The promoting effect of the chemical effect decreases when the n-heptane mass fraction increases. The time evolution of n-heptane for NC 7 H 16 /ND 3 -G can be classified into three stages at 800 K, and the rapid consumption stage is mitigated by an increase in temperature. The rapid consumption stage is suppressed by the chemical effect of ammonia, while O radical has a promoting effect on the rapid consumption stage. The chemical effect will enhance the sensitivities of reactions associated with ammonia. As the n-heptane mass fraction increases, the sensitivities of reactions associated with n-heptane are enhanced. Correspondingly, the effect of reactions associated with ammonia is weakened. When the n-heptane mass fraction is 30%, only reactions related to n-heptane have a great influence on the ignition of ammonia/n-heptane fuel blends under the thermal effect + the effect of O radical or only the thermal effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Zheng Li & Yilin Zhang & Jingrui Li & Changchun Xu & Huabing Wen & Jianhua Shen & Haiguo Jing & Haifeng Liu & Xinyan Wang & Hua Zhao, 2024. "Decoupling Analysis of Ignition Processes of Ammonia/N-Heptane Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:4938-:d:1491186
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4938/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4938/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shafiee, Shahriar & Topal, Erkan, 2009. "When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 181-189, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aye, Goodness & Gupta, Rangan & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Kim, Won Joong, 2015. "Forecasting the price of gold using dynamic model averaging," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 257-266.
    2. Ali Mubarak Al-Qahtani, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review in Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass, Syngas Production and Utilisation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Jen-Yu Lee & Tien-Thinh Nguyen & Hong-Giang Nguyen & Jen-Yao Lee, 2022. "Towards Predictive Crude Oil Purchase: A Case Study in the USA and Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Steve Newbold & Charles Griffiths & Christopher C. Moore & Ann Wolverton & Elizabeth Kopits, 2010. "The "Social Cost of Carbon" Made Simple," NCEE Working Paper Series 201007, National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, revised Aug 2010.
    5. Ritter, Hendrik & Zimmermann, Karl, 2019. "Cap-and-Trade Policy vs. Carbon Taxation: Of Leakage and Linkage," EconStor Preprints 197796, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    6. Yassir El Karkri & Alexis B. Rey-Boué & Hassan El Moussaoui & Johannes Stöckl & Thomas I. Strasser, 2019. "Improved Control of Grid-connected DFIG-based Wind Turbine using Proportional-Resonant Regulators during Unbalanced Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    7. Jānis Krūmiņš & Māris Kļaviņš, 2023. "Investigating the Potential of Nuclear Energy in Achieving a Carbon-Free Energy Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    8. Wang, Yifei & Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Xuan, Jin & Wang, Huizhi, 2016. "A review on unitized regenerative fuel cell technologies, part-A: Unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 961-977.
    9. Bodisco, Timothy & Brown, Richard J., 2013. "Inter-cycle variability of in-cylinder pressure parameters in an ethanol fumigated common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 55-65.
    10. Foster, John & Bell, William Paul & Wild, Phillip & Sharma, Deepak & Sandu, Suwin & Froome, Craig & Wagner, Liam & Misra, Suchi & Bagia, Ravindra, 2013. "Analysis of institutional adaptability to redress electricity infrastructure vulnerability due to climate change," MPRA Paper 47787, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Kannan, Nadarajah & Vakeesan, Divagar, 2016. "Solar energy for future world: - A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1092-1105.
    12. Leong, Jun Xing & Daud, Wan Ramli Wan & Ghasemi, Mostafa & Liew, Kien Ben & Ismail, Manal, 2013. "Ion exchange membranes as separators in microbial fuel cells for bioenergy conversion: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 575-587.
    13. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Experimental Validation of Water Flow Glazing: Transient Response in Real Test Rooms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-24, July.
    14. Meryem Sena Akkus, 2022. "Investigation of Hydrogen Production Performance Using Nanoporous NiCr and NiV Alloys in KBH 4 Hydrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-15, December.
    15. Johannes Karlsson & Anders Grauers, 2023. "Agent-Based Investigation of Charger Queues and Utilization of Public Chargers for Electric Long-Haul Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-25, June.
    16. Defne, Zafer & Haas, Kevin A. & Fritz, Hermann M. & Jiang, Lide & French, Steven P. & Shi, Xuan & Smith, Brennan T. & Neary, Vincent S. & Stewart, Kevin M., 2012. "National geodatabase of tidal stream power resource in USA," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3326-3338.
    17. Awad, Omar I. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A. & Najafi, G. & Kamarulzaman, M.K. & Yusri, I.M. & Noor, M.M., 2017. "Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1232-1242.
    18. Bellekom, Sandra & Benders, René & Pelgröm, Steef & Moll, Henk, 2012. "Electric cars and wind energy: Two problems, one solution? A study to combine wind energy and electric cars in 2020 in The Netherlands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 859-866.
    19. Ahmad, Nasir & Derrible, Sybil, 2018. "An information theory based robustness analysis of energy mix in US States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 167-174.
    20. Mohammadzadeh Bina, Saeid & Jalilinasrabady, Saeid & Fujii, Hikari & Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, 2018. "Classification of geothermal resources in Indonesia by applying exergy concept," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 499-506.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:19:p:4938-:d:1491186. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.