IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i16p4114-d1459004.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Numerical Study on Internal Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of GDI Injectors for Different Nozzle Orifice Geometries

Author

Listed:
  • Chaoqun Hu

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201800, China)

  • Zhijun Wu

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201800, China)

  • Alessandro Ferrari

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy)

  • Meng Ji

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201800, China
    Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy)

  • Jun Deng

    (School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201800, China)

  • Oscar Vento

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy)

Abstract

The geometry of an orifice is a major determinant of nozzle internal flow and cavitation, which directly govern spray atomization and consequently affect combustion and fuel economy in internal combustion engines. In this study, simulation models of the nozzle at different angles between the normal and the injection hole inlet cross-section and the injection hole axis, as well as with different injection hole cone angles (a positive angle between the injection hole axis and its walls implies a divergent hole), were investigated by means of a previously developed numerical model that was validated based on experimental data from X-ray image technology. The results indicate that as the angle between the normal and the injection hole inlet cross-section and the injection hole axis increases, the cavitation asymmetry within the injection hole intensifies, accompanied by a decrease in the gas volume fraction. On one side of the injection hole, the hydraulic flip width expands, while, on the other side of the injection hole, the flow state gradually changes from hydraulic flip to super-cavitation flow, transitional cavitation and fully reattached flow. The divergent orifice layout intensifies cavitation, and the higher the positive injection hole cone angle, the bigger the hydraulic flip width. The convergent layout of the injection hole suppresses cavitation, and cavitation inside the nozzle disappears completely when the injection hole cone angle is less than −10°.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaoqun Hu & Zhijun Wu & Alessandro Ferrari & Meng Ji & Jun Deng & Oscar Vento, 2024. "Numerical Study on Internal Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of GDI Injectors for Different Nozzle Orifice Geometries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4114-:d:1459004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4114/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4114/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ferrari, A. & Novara, C. & Paolucci, E. & Vento, O. & Violante, M. & Zhang, T., 2018. "Design and rapid prototyping of a closed-loop control strategy of the injected mass for the reduction of CO2, combustion noise and pollutant emissions in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 358-367.
    2. Meng Ji & Zhijun Wu & Alessandro Ferrari & Lezhong Fu & Oscar Vento, 2023. "Experimental Investigation on Gasoline—Water Mixture Fuel Impingement Preparation Method and Spray Characteristics with High Injection Temperatures and Pressures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-16, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mariano Gallo & Mario Marinelli, 2020. "Sustainable Mobility: A Review of Possible Actions and Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-39, September.
    2. Jung-Yi Weng & Yao-Hsien Liu, 2024. "Experimental Study on Impinging Jet Atomization Using Doublet and Quadruplet Jets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Liu, Bingxin & Fei, Hongzi & Wang, Liuping & Fan, Liyun & Yang, Xiaotao, 2024. "Real-time estimation of fuel injection rate and injection volume in high-pressure common rail systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    4. Alessandro Ferrari & Paola Fresia & Massimo Rundo & Oscar Vento & Pietro Pizzo, 2022. "Experimental Measurement and Numerical Validation of the Flow Ripple in Internal Gear Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Van Viet Pham & Duc Thiep Cao, 2019. "A Brief Review Of Technology Solutions On Fuel Injection System Of Diesel Engine To Increase The Power And Reduce Environmental Pollution," Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research & Developments (JMERD), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 42(1), pages 1-9, January.
    6. Suprava Chakraborty & Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar & Arunkumar Jayakumar & Santanu Kumar Dash & Devaraj Elangovan, 2021. "Selected Aspects of Sustainable Mobility Reveals Implementable Approaches and Conceivable Actions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-31, November.
    7. Gu, Yuanqi & Fan, Liyun & Lan, Qi & Wei, Yunpeng, 2023. "Experimental study on the transient supply consistency for a common rail pump based on impedance theory," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4114-:d:1459004. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.