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Numerical and Experimental Determination of Selected Performance Indicators of the Liquid Flat-Plate Solar Collector under Outdoor Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Wiesław Zima

    (Department of Energy, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Krakow, Poland)

  • Łukasz Mika

    (Department of Thermal and Fluid Flow Machines, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Karol Sztekler

    (Department of Thermal and Fluid Flow Machines, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

The paper proposes applying an in-house mathematical model of a liquid flat-plate solar collector to calculate the collector time constant. The described model, proposed for the first time in an earlier study, is a one-dimensional distributed parameter model enabling simulations of the collector operation under arbitrarily variable boundary conditions. The model is based on the solution of energy balance equations for all collector components. The formulated differential equations are solved iteratively using an implicit difference scheme. To obtain a stable numerical solution, it is necessary to use appropriate steps of time and spatial division. These were found by comparing the results obtained from the model with the results of the analytical solution available in the literature for the transient state, which constitutes the novelty of the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the model was verified experimentally by comparing the measured and calculated history of the fluid temperature at the outlet of the collector. The calculation of the collector time constant is proposed in the paper as an example of the model’s practical application. The results of the time constant calculation were compared with the values obtained experimentally on the test stand. This is another novelty of the presented research. The analysed collector instantaneous efficiency was then calculated for selected outdoor conditions. The presented mathematical model can also be used to verify the correctness of the collector operation. By comparing, on an ongoing basis, the measured and calculated values of the fluid temperature at the collector outlet, conclusions can be drawn about the process of solar glass fouling or glycol gelling. The simplicity of the model and the low computational demands enable such comparisons in an online mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Wiesław Zima & Łukasz Mika & Karol Sztekler, 2024. "Numerical and Experimental Determination of Selected Performance Indicators of the Liquid Flat-Plate Solar Collector under Outdoor Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:14:p:3454-:d:1434635
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cerón, J.F. & Pérez-García, J. & Solano, J.P. & García, A. & Herrero-Martín, R., 2015. "A coupled numerical model for tube-on-sheet flat-plate solar liquid collectors. Analysis and validation of the heat transfer mechanisms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 275-287.
    2. Estevão, João & Lopes, José Dias, 2024. "SDG7 and renewable energy consumption: The influence of energy sources," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    3. Zhou, Liqun & Wang, Yiping & Huang, Qunwu, 2019. "CFD investigation of a new flat plate collector with additional front side transparent insulation for use in cold regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 754-763.
    4. William Quitiaquez & José Estupiñán-Campos & César Nieto-Londoño & Patricio Quitiaquez, 2023. "CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Flat-Plate Solar Collector/Evaporator with Different Geometric Variations in the Cross Section," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Zheng, J. & Febrer, R. & Castro, J. & Kizildag, D. & Rigola, J., 2024. "A new high-performance flat plate solar collector. Numerical modelling and experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
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