IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i13p3273-d1428395.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Two-Step Grid–Coordinate Optimization Method for a Wind Farm with a Regular Layout Using a Genetic Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Guoqing Huang

    (Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Yao Chen

    (School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Ke Li

    (Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Jiangke Luo

    (PowerChina Chongqing Engineering Corporation Limited, Chongqing 400060, China)

  • Sai Zhang

    (School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Mingming Lv

    (Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China)

Abstract

Currently, most studies on the optimization of wind farm layouts on flat terrain employ a discrete grid-based arrangement method and result in irregular layouts that may damage the visual appeal of wind farms. To meet the practical requirements of wind farms, a two-step optimization method called “grid–coordinate” based on a genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The core idea is to initially determine the number of wind turbines and their initial positions using a grid-based approach, followed by a fine-tuning of the wind farm layout by moving the turbines in a row/column manner. This two-step process not only achieves an aesthetically pleasing arrangement but also maximizes power generation. This algorithm is conducted to optimize a 2 km × 2 km wind farm under three classic wind conditions, one improved wind condition, and a real wind condition employing both the Jensen and Gaussian wake models. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the optimization of configurations based on different wake models was conducted, yielding results including the efficiency, total power output, number of wind turbines, and unit cost of electricity generation. These results were compared and analyzed against the classical literature. The findings indicate that the unit cost of electricity generation using the two-step optimization approach with the Gaussian wake model is higher than that of the initial grid optimization method. Additionally, varying the number of wind turbines can lead to instances of high power generation coupled with low efficiency. This phenomenon should be carefully considered in the wind farm layout optimization process.

Suggested Citation

  • Guoqing Huang & Yao Chen & Ke Li & Jiangke Luo & Sai Zhang & Mingming Lv, 2024. "A Two-Step Grid–Coordinate Optimization Method for a Wind Farm with a Regular Layout Using a Genetic Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:13:p:3273-:d:1428395
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/13/3273/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/13/3273/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Emami, Alireza & Noghreh, Pirooz, 2010. "New approach on optimization in placement of wind turbines within wind farm by genetic algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1559-1564.
    2. Brogna, Roberto & Feng, Ju & Sørensen, Jens Nørkær & Shen, Wen Zhong & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2020. "A new wake model and comparison of eight algorithms for layout optimization of wind farms in complex terrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    3. Gao, Xiaoxia & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin, 2016. "Optimization of wind turbine layout position in a wind farm using a newly-developed two-dimensional wake model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 192-200.
    4. Chowdhury, Souma & Zhang, Jie & Messac, Achille & Castillo, Luciano, 2012. "Unrestricted wind farm layout optimization (UWFLO): Investigating key factors influencing the maximum power generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 16-30.
    5. González, Javier Serrano & Gonzalez Rodriguez, Angel G. & Mora, José Castro & Santos, Jesús Riquelme & Payan, Manuel Burgos, 2010. "Optimization of wind farm turbines layout using an evolutive algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1671-1681.
    6. Zong Woo Geem & Junhee Hong, 2013. "Improved Formulation for the Optimization of Wind Turbine Placement in a Wind Farm," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2013, pages 1-5, June.
    7. Grady, S.A. & Hussaini, M.Y. & Abdullah, M.M., 2005. "Placement of wind turbines using genetic algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 259-270.
    8. Turner, S.D.O. & Romero, D.A. & Zhang, P.Y. & Amon, C.H. & Chan, T.C.Y., 2014. "A new mathematical programming approach to optimize wind farm layouts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 674-680.
    9. Bastankhah, Majid & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2014. "A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 116-123.
    10. Cheng, Xu & Yan, Bowen & Zhou, Xuhong & Yang, Qingshan & Huang, Guoqing & Su, Yanwen & Yang, Wei & Jiang, Yan, 2024. "Wind resource assessment at mountainous wind farm: Fusion of RANS and vertical multi-point on-site measured wind field data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    11. Mittal, Prateek & Kulkarni, Kedar & Mitra, Kishalay, 2016. "A novel hybrid optimization methodology to optimize the total number and placement of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 133-147.
    12. Biswas, Partha P. & Suganthan, P.N. & Amaratunga, Gehan A.J., 2018. "Decomposition based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for windfarm layout optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 326-337.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Chutian & Yang, Xiaolei & Zhu, Yaxin, 2021. "On the design of potential turbine positions for physics-informed optimization of wind farm layout," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1108-1120.
    2. Azlan, F. & Kurnia, J.C. & Tan, B.T. & Ismadi, M.-Z., 2021. "Review on optimisation methods of wind farm array under three classical wind condition problems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Yang, Kyoungboo & Kwak, Gyeongil & Cho, Kyungho & Huh, Jongchul, 2019. "Wind farm layout optimization for wake effect uniformity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 983-995.
    4. Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi & Fernando Porté-Agel, 2018. "Realistic Wind Farm Layout Optimization through Genetic Algorithms Using a Gaussian Wake Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-26, November.
    5. Muhammad Nabeel Hussain & Nadeem Shaukat & Ammar Ahmad & Muhammad Abid & Abrar Hashmi & Zohreh Rajabi & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, 2022. "Effective Realization of Multi-Objective Elitist Teaching–Learning Based Optimization Technique for the Micro-Siting of Wind Turbines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    6. Dinçer, A.E. & Demir, A. & Yılmaz, K., 2024. "Multi-objective turbine allocation on a wind farm site," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    7. Guirguis, David & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2017. "Gradient-based multidisciplinary design of wind farms with continuous-variable formulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 279-291.
    8. Abdelsalam, Ali M. & El-Shorbagy, M.A., 2018. "Optimization of wind turbines siting in a wind farm using genetic algorithm based local search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 748-755.
    9. Abdulrahman, Mamdouh & Wood, David, 2017. "Investigating the Power-COE trade-off for wind farm layout optimization considering commercial turbine selection and hub height variation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PB), pages 267-278.
    10. Wang, Longyan & Cholette, Michael E. & Zhou, Yunkai & Yuan, Jianping & Tan, Andy C.C. & Gu, Yuantong, 2018. "Effectiveness of optimized control strategy and different hub height turbines on a real wind farm optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 819-829.
    11. Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2018. "Continuous adjoint formulation for wind farm layout optimization: A 2D implementation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2333-2345.
    12. Cuadra, L. & Ocampo-Estrella, I. & Alexandre, E. & Salcedo-Sanz, S., 2019. "A study on the impact of easements in the deployment of wind farms near airport facilities," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 566-588.
    13. Kyoungboo Yang & Kyungho Cho, 2019. "Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Benchmark Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-15, November.
    14. Rodrigues, S. & Bauer, P. & Bosman, Peter A.N., 2016. "Multi-objective optimization of wind farm layouts – Complexity, constraint handling and scalability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 587-609.
    15. Dhoot, Aditya & Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2021. "Optimizing wind farms layouts for maximum energy production using probabilistic inference: Benchmarking reveals superior computational efficiency and scalability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    16. Antonini, Enrico G.A. & Romero, David A. & Amon, Cristina H., 2020. "Optimal design of wind farms in complex terrains using computational fluid dynamics and adjoint methods," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    17. Cao, Lichao & Ge, Mingwei & Gao, Xiaoxia & Du, Bowen & Li, Baoliang & Huang, Zhi & Liu, Yongqian, 2022. "Wind farm layout optimization to minimize the wake induced turbulence effect on wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    18. Mittal, Prateek & Kulkarni, Kedar & Mitra, Kishalay, 2016. "A novel hybrid optimization methodology to optimize the total number and placement of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 133-147.
    19. Park, Jinkyoo & Law, Kincho H., 2015. "Layout optimization for maximizing wind farm power production using sequential convex programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 320-334.
    20. Houssem R. E. H. Bouchekara & Yusuf A. Sha’aban & Mohammad S. Shahriar & Makbul A. M. Ramli & Abdullahi A. Mas’ud, 2023. "Wind Farm Layout Optimization/Expansion with Real Wind Turbines Using a Multi-Objective EA Based on an Enhanced Inverted Generational Distance Metric Combined with the Two-Archive Algorithm 2," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-32, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:13:p:3273-:d:1428395. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.