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Smart Operation Control of Power and Heat Demands in Active Distribution Grids Leveraging Energy Flexibility

Author

Listed:
  • Rakesh Sinha

    (Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Sanjay K. Chaudhary

    (Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Birgitte Bak-Jensen

    (Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Hessam Golmohamadi

    (Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

Abstract

Demand flexibility plays a crucial role in mitigating the intermittency of renewable power sources. This paper focuses on an active distribution grid that incorporates flexible heat and electric demands, specifically heat pumps (HPs) and electric vehicles (EVs). Additionally, it addresses photovoltaic (PV) power generation facilities and electrical batteries to enhance demand flexibility. To exploit demand flexibility from both heat and electric demand, along with the integration of PVs and batteries, Control and Communication Mechanisms (CCMs) are formulated. These CCMs integrate demand flexibility into the distribution grids to obtain economic benefits for private households and, at the same time, facilitate voltage control. Concerning EVs, the paper discusses voltage-based droop control, scheduled charging, priority charging, and up-/down-power regulation to optimize the charging and discharging operations. For heat demands, the on-off operation of the HPs integrated with phase change material (PCM) storage is optimized to unlock heat-to-power flexibility. The HP controllers aim to ensure as much self-consumption as possible and provide voltage support for the distribution grid while ensuring the thermal comfort of residents. Finally, the developed CCMs are implemented on a small and representative community of an active distribution grid with eight houses using Power Factory software and DIgSILENT simulation language (DSL). This scalable size of the active distribution network facilitates the careful study of symbiotic interaction among the flexible load, generation, and different houses thoroughly. The simulation results confirm that the integration of flexible demands into the grid using the designed CCMs results in the grid benefiting from stabilized voltage control, especially during peak demand hours.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakesh Sinha & Sanjay K. Chaudhary & Birgitte Bak-Jensen & Hessam Golmohamadi, 2024. "Smart Operation Control of Power and Heat Demands in Active Distribution Grids Leveraging Energy Flexibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-28, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:12:p:2986-:d:1416653
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhu, Xianwen & Xia, Mingchao & Chiang, Hsiao-Dong, 2018. "Coordinated sectional droop charging control for EV aggregator enhancing frequency stability of microgrid with high penetration of renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 936-943.
    2. Rezaeimozafar, Mostafa & Duffy, Maeve & Monaghan, Rory F.D. & Barrett, Enda, 2024. "A hybrid heuristic-reinforcement learning-based real-time control model for residential behind-the-meter PV-battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    3. Golmohamadi, Hessam, 2022. "Demand-side management in industrial sector: A review of heavy industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. You, Zhengjie & Lumpp, Sebastian Dirk & Doepfert, Markus & Tzscheutschler, Peter & Goebel, Christoph, 2024. "Leveraging flexibility of residential heat pumps through local energy markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
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