IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i10p2324-d1392731.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Experimental Investigation of the Viscosity and Density of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurries for Enhanced Heat Capacity and Transfer

Author

Listed:
  • Bartlomiej Nalepa

    (Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Dutkowski

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Raclawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Marcin Kruzel

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Raclawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland)

  • Boguslaw Bialko

    (Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

  • Bartosz Zajaczkowski

    (Department of Thermal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

Working fluids that incorporate solid microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) can benefit from properties such as density and viscosity, which are crucial for improving heat capacity and transfer. However, limited data are available on these parameters for specific slurry and mass ratios. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of the experimental results on the viscosity of three different MPCM aqueous dispersions, namely MPCM 31-S50, MPCM 25-S50, and Micronal 5428X. Varying MPCM mass ratios of distilled water were used to obtain different mass concentrations of the phase change material (PCM), and the resulting slurries were analysed at temperatures ranging from 15 to 40 °C. Our findings showed that all slurries exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics at low shear rates, with viscosity stabilising at higher shear rates, resulting in the characteristics of a Newtonian fluid. The viscosity results were highly dependent on the type of MPCM base dispersion, particularly at high mass ratios, with the slurries having viscosities higher than those of water. Furthermore, we conducted density experiments as a function of temperature, using a flow test setup and a Coriolis flowmeter (Endress+Hauser, Reinach, Switzerland) to determine the density of two MPCMs, namely MPCM 25-S50 and Micronal 5428X. The test samples were prepared at mass concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% of the phase change material. We found significant differences in density and viscosity for different MPCM slurries as a result of both the PCM concentration and the material studied. Our results also revealed an apparent PCM phase change process, in which the slurry density significantly decreased in the temperature range of the phase transition from solid to liquid.

Suggested Citation

  • Bartlomiej Nalepa & Krzysztof Dutkowski & Marcin Kruzel & Boguslaw Bialko & Bartosz Zajaczkowski, 2024. "Experimental Investigation of the Viscosity and Density of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurries for Enhanced Heat Capacity and Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2324-:d:1392731
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/10/2324/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/10/2324/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, J. & Zhang, P., 2017. "Preparation and characterization of nano-sized phase change emulsions as thermal energy storage and transport media," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 868-879.
    2. Zhang, G.H. & Zhao, C.Y., 2011. "Thermal and rheological properties of microencapsulated phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2959-2966.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu, Lingling & Pu, Liang & Angelo, Zarrella & Zhang, Derun & Dai, Minghao & Zhang, Shengqi, 2022. "An experimental investigation on performance of microencapsulated phase change material slurry in ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 296-305.
    2. Qiu, Zhongzhu & Ma, Xiaoli & Li, Peng & Zhao, Xudong & Wright, Andrew, 2017. "Micro-encapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurries: Characterization and building applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 246-262.
    3. Ismael, Mhadi A. & Heikal, Morgan R. & Aziz, A. Rashid A. & Syah, Firman & Zainal A., Ezrann Z. & Crua, Cyril, 2018. "The effect of fuel injection equipment on the dispersed phase of water-in-diesel emulsions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 762-771.
    4. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Šumiga, Boštjan & Fernández, Ana Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2016. "Mechanical response evaluation of microcapsules from different slurries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 732-739.
    5. Cao, Jiahao & He, Yangjing & Feng, Jinxin & Lin, Shao & Ling, Ziye & Zhang, Zhengguo & Fang, Xiaoming, 2020. "Mini-channel cold plate with nano phase change material emulsion for Li-ion battery under high-rate discharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    6. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Martínez, Mònica & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Fernández, A. Inés, 2016. "Types, methods, techniques, and applications for microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1059-1075.
    7. Golestaneh, Seyyed Iman & Karimi, Gholamreza & Babapoor, Aziz & Torabi, Farshid, 2018. "Thermal performance of co-electrospun fatty acid nanofiber composites in the presence of nanoparticles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 552-564.
    8. Krzysztof Dutkowski & Marcin Kruzel, 2023. "The State of the Art on the Flow Characteristic of an Encapsulated Phase-Change Material Slurry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, October.
    9. Kawanami, Tsuyoshi & Togashi, Kenichi & Fumoto, Koji & Hirano, Shigeki & Zhang, Peng & Shirai, Katsuaki & Hirasawa, Shigeki, 2016. "Thermophysical properties and thermal characteristics of phase change emulsion for thermal energy storage media," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 562-568.
    10. Palacios, Anabel & Cong, Lin & Navarro, M.E. & Ding, Yulong & Barreneche, Camila, 2019. "Thermal conductivity measurement techniques for characterizing thermal energy storage materials – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 32-52.
    11. Parameshwaran, R. & Deepak, K. & Saravanan, R. & Kalaiselvam, S., 2014. "Preparation, thermal and rheological properties of hybrid nanocomposite phase change material for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 320-330.
    12. Elsanusi, Osama Ahmed & Roy, Murari Mohon & Sidhu, Manpreet Singh, 2017. "Experimental Investigation on a Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel-Biodiesel Blends and their Emulsions at Various Engine Operating Conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 582-593.
    13. Zhao, Liang & Xing, Yuming & Liu, Xin, 2020. "Experimental investigation on the thermal management performance of heat sink using low melting point alloy as phase change material," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1578-1587.
    14. Mehdaoui, Farah & Hazami, Majdi & Messaouda, Anis & Taghouti, Hichem & Guizani, AmenAllah, 2019. "Thermal testing and numerical simulation of PCM wall integrated inside a test cell on a small scale and subjected to the thermal stresses," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 597-607.
    15. Giro-Paloma, Jessica & Oncins, Gerard & Barreneche, Camila & Martínez, Mònica & Fernández, A. Inés & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2013. "Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of microencapsulated phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 441-448.
    16. Zhang, Xiyao & Niu, Jianlei & Wu, Jian-Yong, 2019. "Development and characterization of novel and stable silicon nanoparticles-embedded PCM-in-water emulsions for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1407-1416.
    17. Yang, Liu & Liu, Shuli & Zheng, Hongfei, 2019. "A comprehensive review of hydrodynamic mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics for microencapsulated phase change slurry (MPCS) in circular tube," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Li, Qi & Qiao, Geng & Mura, Ernesto & Li, Chuan & Fischer, Ludger & Ding, Yulong, 2020. "Experimental and numerical studies of a fatty acid based phase change dispersion for enhancing cooling of high voltage electrical devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    19. Li, Sheng & Gao, Jinshuang & Zhang, Lizhe & Zhao, Yazhou & Zhang, Xuejun, 2024. "Exploration of dual-phase change coupled heat transfer in solar regenerative evaporator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    20. Liang, Haobin & Liu, Liu & Zhong, Ziwen & Gan, Yixiang & Wu, Jian-Yong & Niu, Jianlei, 2022. "Towards idealized thermal stratification in a novel phase change emulsion storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    MPCM slurry; density; viscosity;
    All these keywords.

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:10:p:2324-:d:1392731. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.