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Allowing Large Penetration of Concentrated RES in Europe and North Africa via a Hybrid HVAC-HVDC Grid

Author

Listed:
  • Haoke Wu

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Lorenzo Solida

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Tao Huang

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Ettore Bompard

    (Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Renewable energy sources (RESs) and electricity demand are not evenly distributed geographically across Europe. Thus, harvesting the wind energy from the north and solar energy from the south and delivering them to the demand in central Europe is a more viable solution. However, the present High-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission grids have been sometimes congested; thus, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) provides another possibility along the existing HVAC infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a hybrid HVAC-HVDC grid, allowing a large penetration of concentrated RES in Europe and North Africa. More specifically, the HVDC network is constructed to transfer wind and hydro electricity from northwestern Europe and solar electricity from north Africa, while the HVAC network is used to distribute electricity within each country or among adjacent areas. To quantitatively evaluate the feasibility and relevant performances, multiple dimensions of indicators are designed. Employing several European energy scenarios up to 2050, the performances of the proposed HVAC-HVDC infrastructure are analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that compared with the pure HVAC grid, the integrated HVAC-HVDC grid can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants, leading to a further reduction in the number of deaths from air pollution. In addition, the HVAC-HVDC grids can accommodate a higher penetration of RES without causing infeasible power flows.

Suggested Citation

  • Haoke Wu & Lorenzo Solida & Tao Huang & Ettore Bompard, 2023. "Allowing Large Penetration of Concentrated RES in Europe and North Africa via a Hybrid HVAC-HVDC Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:7:p:3138-:d:1111965
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kalair, A. & Abas, N. & Khan, N., 2016. "Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1653-1675.
    2. Yulianta Siregar & Credo Pardede, 2022. "Study of Hybrid Transmission HVAC/HVDC by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Mads Raunbak & Timo Zeyer & Kun Zhu & Martin Greiner, 2017. "Principal Mismatch Patterns Across a Simplified Highly Renewable European Electricity Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, November.
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