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Cumulative Interactions between the Global Blockage and Wake Effects as Observed by an Engineering Model and Large-Eddy Simulations

Author

Listed:
  • Beatriz Cañadillas

    (Renewables, UL International GmbH, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany
    Institute of Flight Guidance, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

  • Richard Foreman

    (Renewables, UL International GmbH, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Gerald Steinfeld

    (ForWind, Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany)

  • Nick Robinson

    (UL International, Richmond, BC V6V 2V4, Canada)

Abstract

By taking into account the turbine type, terrain, wind climate and layout, the effects of wind turbine wakes and other losses, engineering models enable the rapid estimation of energy yields for prospective and existing wind farms. We extend the capability of engineering models, such as the existing deep-array wake model, to account for additional losses that may arise due to the presence of clusters of wind farms, such as the global blockage effect and large-scale wake effects, which become more significant with increasing thermal stratification. The extended strategies include an enhanced wind-farm-roughness approach which assumes an infinite wind farm, and recent developments account for the upstream flow blockage. To test the plausibility of such models in capturing the additional blockage and wake losses in real wind farm clusters, the extended strategies are compared with large-eddy simulations of the flow through a cluster of three wind farms located in the German sector of the North Sea, as well as real measurements of wind power within these wind farms. Large-eddy simulations and wind farm measurements together suggest that the extensions of the Openwind model help capture the different flow features arising from flow blockage and cluster effects, but further model refinement is needed to account for higher-order effects, such as the effect of the boundary-layer height, which is not currently included in standard engineering models.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatriz Cañadillas & Richard Foreman & Gerald Steinfeld & Nick Robinson, 2023. "Cumulative Interactions between the Global Blockage and Wake Effects as Observed by an Engineering Model and Large-Eddy Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:7:p:2949-:d:1105520
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Asmuth, Henrik & Navarro Diaz, Gonzalo P. & Madsen, Helge Aagaard & Branlard, Emmanuel & Meyer Forsting, Alexander R. & Nilsson, Karl & Jonkman, Jason & Ivanell, Stefan, 2022. "Wind turbine response in waked inflow: A modelling benchmark against full-scale measurements," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 868-887.
    2. Bastankhah, Majid & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2014. "A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 116-123.
    3. James Bleeg & Mark Purcell & Renzo Ruisi & Elizabeth Traiger, 2018. "Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Richard J. Foreman & Beatriz Cañadillas & Nick Robinson, 2024. "The Atmospheric Stability Dependence of Far Wakes on the Power Output of Downstream Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-23, January.
    2. Rebecca J. Barthelmie & Gunner C. Larsen & Sara C. Pryor, 2023. "Modeling Annual Electricity Production and Levelized Cost of Energy from the US East Coast Offshore Wind Energy Lease Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-29, June.

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