IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i24p8080-d1301045.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Utilization of Sunflower Husk Ash in the Production of Polyurethane Materials

Author

Listed:
  • Patrycja Zakrzewska

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Monika Kuźnia

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Anna Magiera

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Aneta Magdziarz

    (Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Energy produced from waste biomass is more environmentally friendly than that produced from fossil resources. However, the problem of managing waste from the thermal conversion of biomass arises. The overarching goal of this article was to propose a method of utilizing biomass ash (sunflower husk) as a filler that positively affects the properties of rigid polyurethane foams. The scope of the presented research is to obtain and characterize rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with the addition of two types of fillers: sunflower husks (SHs) and sunflower husk ash (SHA). First, an analysis of the fillers was carried out. The carbon content of SHs (C~49%) was ten times higher in comparison to SHA’s carbon content (C~5%). The morphology of the fillers and the particle size distribution were determined, which showed that in the case of SHs, particles with a size of 500–1000 µm predominated, while in SHA, the particles were 1–20 µm. The content of inorganic compounds was also determined. Potassium and calcium compounds were the most abundant in both fillers. The second part of the research was the analysis of polyurethane materials with the addition of fillers. The obtained results indicate that filler addition had a positive effect on the dimensional stability of the foams by eliminating the risk of material shrinkage. The biodegradation process of polyurethane materials was also carried out. The reference foam weight loss after 8 weeks was ~10%, while the weight loss of the foam containing SHA was over 28%. Physical and mechanical properties, cell structure, and thermal stability tests were also carried out. The use of bio-waste fillers creates a possibility for the partial replacement of petrochemical products with environmentally friendly and recycled materials, which fits into the circular economy strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrycja Zakrzewska & Monika Kuźnia & Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska & Anna Magiera & Aneta Magdziarz, 2023. "Utilization of Sunflower Husk Ash in the Production of Polyurethane Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8080-:d:1301045
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8080/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8080/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Patrycja Zakrzewska & Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska & Monika Kuźnia & Artur Szajding & Tadeusz Telejko & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Biomass Origin Waste as Activators of the Polyurethane Foaming Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Bala-Litwiniak, Agnieszka & Zajemska, Monika, 2020. "Computational and experimental study of pine and sunflower husk pellet combustion and co-combustion with oats in domestic boiler," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 151-159.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sungur, Bilal & Basar, Cem & Kaleli, Alirıza, 2023. "Multi-objective optimisation of the emission parameters and efficiency of pellet stove at different supply airflow positions based on machine learning approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    2. Marta Jach-Nocoń & Grzegorz Pełka & Wojciech Luboń & Tomasz Mirowski & Adam Nocoń & Przemysław Pachytel, 2021. "An Assessment of the Efficiency and Emissions of a Pellet Boiler Combusting Multiple Pellet Types," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Kougioumtzis, Michael Alexandros & Kanaveli, Ioanna Panagiota & Karampinis, Emmanouil & Grammelis, Panagiotis & Kakaras, Emmanuel, 2021. "Combustion of olive tree pruning pellets versus sunflower husk pellets at industrial boiler. Monitoring of emissions and combustion efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 516-525.
    4. Lasek, Janusz A. & Matuszek, Katarzyna & Hrycko, Piotr & Głód, Krzysztof & Li, Yueh-Heng, 2023. "The combustion of torrefied biomass in commercial-scale domestic boilers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    5. Sungur, Bilal & Basar, Cem, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the effect of supply airflow position, excess air ratio and thermal power input at burner pot on the thermal and emission performances in a pellet stove," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1248-1258.
    6. Yankovsky Stanislav & Tolokol’nikov Anton & Berezikov Nikolay & Gubin Vladimir, 2021. "Justification of the Energy Use of Cedar Husk Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Additive for Co-Combustion with Coal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-11, October.
    7. Yang, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Li, Yu & Cheng, Wei & Zhang, Wennan & Yang, Haiping & Tan, Zhiwu & Chen, Hanping, 2022. "Mitigation of particulate matter emissions from co-combustion of rice husk with cotton stalk or cornstalk," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 893-902.
    8. Svetlana Islamova & Anastasia Tartygasheva & Julia Karaeva & Vladimir Panchenko & Yuriy Litti, 2023. "A Comprehensive Study on the Combustion of Sunflower Husk Pellets by Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Analysis, Kriging Method," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8080-:d:1301045. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.