IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i3p1354-d1048370.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Biomass Origin Waste as Activators of the Polyurethane Foaming Process

Author

Listed:
  • Patrycja Zakrzewska

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Monika Kuźnia

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Artur Szajding

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Tadeusz Telejko

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Wilk

    (Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are characterized by their excellent viable properties; thus, these materials can be successfully used as thermal insulation materials. The main problem, the solution of which is partly indicated in this paper, is that the products for the synthesis of RPUFs are produced from petrochemicals. Due to this, the use of natural fillers in the form of waste biomass is introduced for the synthesis of RPUFs. The biodegradable biomass waste used in the RPUF production process plays multiple roles: it becomes an activator of the RPUF foaming process, improves selected properties of RPUF materials and reduces the production costs of insulating materials. The paper presents the results of the foaming process with the use of six different fillers: sunflower husk (SH), rice husk (RH), buckwheat husk (BH), sunflower husk ash (SHA), rice husk ash (RHA) and buckwheat husk ash (BHA). In all cases, composites of rigid polyurethane foam with 10 wt.% of filler were produced. New foams were compared with polyurethane materials without the addition of a modifier. Moreover, the paper presents the results of the fillers’ analysis used in the tests and the effects of the fillers’ addition as activators of the RPUF foaming process. Promising results were obtained for two of the fillers, BHA and SHA, as activators of the foaming process and confirmed by the volumetric results, where the named samples reached their maximum value in half the time compared to the remaining samples. In addition, the expansion rate for PU_10BHA was a maximum of approximately 11 cm 3 /s and PU_10SHA was a maximum of approximately 9 cm 3 /s, whereas the remaining samples showed this parameter at about 3 cm 3 /s. During the research, the scanning electron microscopy method and infrared camera technique were used.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrycja Zakrzewska & Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska & Monika Kuźnia & Artur Szajding & Tadeusz Telejko & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Biomass Origin Waste as Activators of the Polyurethane Foaming Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-12, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1354-:d:1048370
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1354/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/3/1354/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska & Kinga Pielichowska & Patrycja Trestka & Magdalena Ziąbka & Monika Kuźnia, 2022. "The Effect of Ash Silanization on the Selected Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam/Coal Fly Ash Composites," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Patrycja Zakrzewska & Monika Kuźnia & Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska & Anna Magiera & Aneta Magdziarz, 2023. "Utilization of Sunflower Husk Ash in the Production of Polyurethane Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.

      Corrections

      All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1354-:d:1048370. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

      If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

      If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

      If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

      For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

      Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

      IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.