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Hydrothermal Conversion of Microalgae Slurry in a Continuous Solar Collector with Static Mixer for Heat Transfer Enhancement

Author

Listed:
  • Hao Chen

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Fangfang Lou

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Xueyi Zhang

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Chengjun Shen

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Weicheng Pan

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Shuang Wang

    (School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

Abstract

The continuous solar collector is a promising heater and reactor for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae biomass. To enhance the heat transfer and hydrothermal conversion of microalgae slurry in solar-driven reactors, a static mixer is inserted in the flow channel of the solar collector. A numerical model combining CFD and HTL reactions of microalgae biomass is proposed. Six composition equations of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, biocrude, aqueous phase and biogas were proposed, while corresponding HTL kinetics were utilized to simulate the conversion rate of the reactants and products. The effects of the twist ratio of the static mixer (3–10), flow rate (30–80 L/h) and solar intensity (650, 750, 850 W/m 2 ) on the flow resistance, heat transfer and organics formation of microalgae slurry were investigated. The swirl flow caused by the static mixer with a twist ratio of three increased the convective heat transfer coefficient (97 W·m −2 ·K −1 ) by 2.06 times, while the production rate of biocrude (0.074 g·L −1 ·s −1 ) increased by 2.05 times at 50 L/h and 750 W/m 2 . This investigation gives guidance for utilizing static mixers in solar-driven reactors to optimize the heat transfer and HTL of microalgae biomass with solar heat sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Chen & Fangfang Lou & Xueyi Zhang & Chengjun Shen & Weicheng Pan & Shuang Wang, 2023. "Hydrothermal Conversion of Microalgae Slurry in a Continuous Solar Collector with Static Mixer for Heat Transfer Enhancement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:7986-:d:1297062
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Huan & Basar, Ibrahim Alper & Eskicioglu, Cigdem, 2023. "Hydrothermal liquefaction for sludge-to-energy conversion: An evaluation of biocrude production and management of waste streams," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    2. Xiao, Chao & Liao, Qiang & Fu, Qian & Huang, Yun & Chen, Hao & Zhang, Hong & Xia, Ao & Zhu, Xun & Reungsang, Alissara & Liu, Zhidan, 2019. "A solar-driven continuous hydrothermal pretreatment system for biomethane production from microalgae biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 1011-1018.
    3. Ayala-Cortés, Alejandro & Arcelus-Arrillaga, Pedro & Millan, Marcos & Okoye, Patrick U. & Arancibia-Bulnes, Camilo A. & Pacheco-Catalán, Daniella Esperanza & Villafán-Vidales, Heidi Isabel, 2022. "Solar hydrothermal processing of agave bagasse: Insights on the effect of operational parameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 14-23.
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