IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i23p7827-d1289688.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Steady-State and Transient Operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems with Anode Off-Gas Recirculation within a Highly Constrained Operating Range

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Hollmann

    (Institute of Thermodynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

  • Stephan Kabelac

    (Institute of Thermodynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany)

Abstract

Based on a prototype presented in a prior publication, this research investigates the operational characteristics of a methane-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with anode off-gas recirculation (AOGR) for electrical energy supply on sea-going vessels. The proposed first-principle system model utilizes a spatially segmented SOFC stack and lumped balance of plant components validated on the component level to accurately depict the steady-state and transient operating behavior. Five operational limitations are chosen to highlight permissible operating conditions with regard to stack and pre-reformer degradation. Steady-state operating maps are presented, emphasizing efficient operating conditions at maximum stack fuel utilization and minimal permissible oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Exemplary transient load changes illustrate increasing system control complexity caused by gas flow delays due to the spatially distributed plant layout. Actuation strategies are presented and underline the need for a top-level model predictive system controller to assure a dynamic and efficient operation within the defined constraints.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Hollmann & Stephan Kabelac, 2023. "Steady-State and Transient Operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems with Anode Off-Gas Recirculation within a Highly Constrained Operating Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-30, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7827-:d:1289688
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7827/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7827/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. van Biert, L. & Visser, K. & Aravind, P.V., 2020. "A comparison of steam reforming concepts in solid oxide fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. van Biert, L. & Godjevac, M. & Visser, K. & Aravind, P.V., 2019. "Dynamic modelling of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell stack based on single cell experiments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 976-990.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eun-Jung Choi & Sangseok Yu & Ji-Min Kim & Sang-Min Lee, 2021. "Model-Based System Performance Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System with Anode Off-Gas Recirculation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Mingfei Li & Jingjing Wang & Zhengpeng Chen & Xiuyang Qian & Chuanqi Sun & Di Gan & Kai Xiong & Mumin Rao & Chuangting Chen & Xi Li, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Management in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Focus on Burners, Heat Exchangers, and Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-30, February.
    3. Xu, Yuan-wu & Wu, Xiao-long & Zhong, Xiao-bo & Zhao, Dong-qi & Sorrentino, Marco & Jiang, Jianhua & Jiang, Chang & Fu, Xiaowei & Li, Xi, 2021. "Mechanism model-based and data-driven approach for the diagnosis of solid oxide fuel cell stack leakage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    4. Zhong, Like & Yao, Erren & Zou, Hansen & Xi, Guang, 2022. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a directly solar-driven power-to-methane system by detailed distributed parameter method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    5. Han Chang & In-Hee Lee, 2019. "Environmental and Efficiency Analysis of Simulated Application of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Co-Generation System in a Dormitory Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-20, October.
    6. Fan, Liyuan & Li, Chao'en & van Biert, Lindert & Zhou, Shou-Han & Tabish, Asif Nadeem & Mokhov, Anatoli & Aravind, Purushothaman Vellayani & Cai, Weiwei, 2022. "Advances on methane reforming in solid oxide fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    7. Lee, Wooseok & Bae, Yonggyun & Lee, Sanghyeok & Hong, Jongsup, 2024. "Elucidating the dynamic transport phenomena of solid oxide fuel cells according to rapid electrical load change operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    8. van Biert, L. & Visser, K. & Aravind, P.V., 2020. "A comparison of steam reforming concepts in solid oxide fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    9. Wang, Xusheng & Lv, Xiaojing & Mi, Xicong & Spataru, Catalina & Weng, Yiwu, 2022. "Coordinated control approach for load following operation of SOFC-GT hybrid system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    10. Dai, Huidong & Besser, R.S., 2022. "Understanding hydrogen sulfide impact on a portable, commercial, propane-powered solid-oxide fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    11. Wehrle, Lukas & Schmider, Daniel & Dailly, Julian & Banerjee, Aayan & Deutschmann, Olaf, 2022. "Benchmarking solid oxide electrolysis cell-stacks for industrial Power-to-Methane systems via hierarchical multi-scale modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    12. Emilio Audasso & Fiammetta Rita Bianchi & Barbara Bosio, 2020. "2D Simulation for CH 4 Internal Reforming-SOFCs: An Approach to Study Performance Degradation and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    13. Eichhorn Colombo, Konrad W. & Kharton, Vladislav V. & Berto, Filippo & Paltrinieri, Nicola, 2020. "Mathematical modeling and simulation of hydrogen-fueled solid oxide fuel cell system for micro-grid applications - Effect of failure and degradation on transient performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    14. Quach, Thai-Quyen & Giap, Van-Tien & Keun Lee, Dong & Pineda Israel, Torres & Young Ahn, Kook, 2022. "High-efficiency ammonia-fed solid oxide fuel cell systems for distributed power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    15. Park, Kilsu & Kim, Myoung-jin & Kwon, Soon-mo & Kang, Shinuang & Kim, Taegyu, 2023. "Performance evaluation of solid NaBH4-based hydrogen generator for fuel-cell-powered unmanned autonomous systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    16. Lyu, Zewei & Meng, Hao & Zhu, Jianzhong & Han, Minfang & Sun, Zaihong & Xue, Huaqing & Zhao, Yongming & Zhang, Fudong, 2020. "Comparison of off-gas utilization modes for solid oxide fuel cell stacks based on a semi-empirical parametric model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    17. Jie, Hao & Liao, Jiawei & Zhu, Guozhu & Hong, Weirong, 2024. "Nonlinear model predictive control of direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells via PDAE-constrained dynamic optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    18. Zheng Li & Guogang Yang & Qiuwan Shen & Shian Li & Hao Wang & Jiadong Liao & Ziheng Jiang & Guoling Zhang, 2022. "Transient Multi-Physics Modeling and Performance Degradation Evaluation of Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Focusing on Carbon Deposition Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    19. Kong, Wei & Han, Zhen & Lu, Siyu & Ni, Meng, 2021. "A simple but effective design to enhance the performance and durability of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    20. Rasaki, S.A. & Liu, C. & Lao, C. & Zhang, H. & Chen, Z., 2021. "The innovative contribution of additive manufacturing towards revolutionizing fuel cell fabrication for clean energy generation: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7827-:d:1289688. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.