IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i23p7730-d1286039.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance Evaluation of Modified Zinc-Phthalocyanine Groups as an Active Material in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan

    (Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Nouman Nowsherwan

    (Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Nadia Anwar

    (Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Muqarrab Ahmed

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Yasir Usman

    (Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Faisal Amin

    (Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Nadia Nowsherwan

    (Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Saira Ikram

    (Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Shaheen Irfan

    (Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Umar

    (School of Machinery and Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing 100811, China)

  • Wen-Cheng Lai

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 640243, Taiwan)

Abstract

The increasing demand for energy and electricity and the depletion of fossil fuels are global problems. In recent years, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technologies have gained notoriety for their application in solar energy. DSSCs are considered a promising alternative renewable energy source to both inorganic and organic photovoltaic (PV) cells. Many types of dyes are being investigated to enhance the light-harvesting properties of DSSCs, but the actual realization of these absorbers in cell structure requires optimum parameters. The main aim of this study was to simulate proposed zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC)-based structures to validate their design, assess their performance for commercial implementation, and optimize the cell parameters for optimum efficiency. To that end, Scaps-1D was employed to evaluate the performance of DSSCs to determine their optimum parameters. We found that ZnPC and isopropoxy ZnPC molecules outperform others molecules because of better optoelectronic properties. Several other parametric effects, such as photoactive layer thicknesses, doping densities, trap densities, and charge carrier mobilities, were also evaluated to observe their impact on device performance. The results show that moderate thickness, low defect density, moderate doping, and charge carrier mobility are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. The utmost power conversion efficiency values found for ZnPC- and ZnPC: PC70BM-based DSSCs after optimization were 9.50% and 9.81%. This paper also suggests a practical method for efficiently using DSSC cells by modifying factors that are significantly reliant on DSSC performance and output.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan & Nouman Nowsherwan & Nadia Anwar & Muqarrab Ahmed & Yasir Usman & Faisal Amin & Nadia Nowsherwan & Saira Ikram & Shaheen Irfan & Muhammad Umar & Wen-Cheng Lai, 2023. "Performance Evaluation of Modified Zinc-Phthalocyanine Groups as an Active Material in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7730-:d:1286039
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7730/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7730/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julian Burschka & Norman Pellet & Soo-Jin Moon & Robin Humphry-Baker & Peng Gao & Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin & Michael Grätzel, 2013. "Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells," Nature, Nature, vol. 499(7458), pages 316-319, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ming-Hsien Li & Jun-Ho Yum & Soo-Jin Moon & Peter Chen, 2016. "Inorganic p-Type Semiconductors: Their Applications and Progress in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-28, April.
    2. Weilun Li & Mengmeng Hao & Ardeshir Baktash & Lianzhou Wang & Joanne Etheridge, 2023. "The role of ion migration, octahedral tilt, and the A-site cation on the instability of Cs1-xFAxPbI3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Ubani, C.A. & Ibrahim, M.A. & Teridi, M.A.M., 2017. "Moving into the domain of perovskite sensitized solar cell," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 907-915.
    4. Yue, Gentian & Wang, Lei & Zhang, Xin'an & Wu, Jihuai & Jiang, Qiwei & Zhang, Weifeng & Huang, Miaoliang & Lin, Jianming, 2014. "Fabrication of high performance multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 460-467.
    5. Mehmood, Umer & Al-Ahmed, Amir & Afzaal, Mohammad & Al-Sulaiman, Fahad A. & Daud, Muhammad, 2017. "Recent progress and remaining challenges in organometallic halides based perovskite solar cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-14.
    6. Inga Ermanova & Narges Yaghoobi Nia & Enrico Lamanna & Elisabetta Di Bartolomeo & Evgeny Kolesnikov & Lev Luchnikov & Aldo Di Carlo, 2021. "Crystal Engineering Approach for Fabrication of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell in Ambient Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Tonui, Patrick & Oseni, Saheed O. & Sharma, Gaurav & Yan, Qingfenq & Tessema Mola, Genene, 2018. "Perovskites photovoltaic solar cells: An overview of current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1025-1044.
    8. Kyeong-Yoon Baek & Woocheol Lee & Jonghoon Lee & Jaeyoung Kim & Heebeom Ahn & Jae Il Kim & Junwoo Kim & Hyungbin Lim & Jiwon Shin & Yoon-Joo Ko & Hyeon-Dong Lee & Richard H. Friend & Tae-Woo Lee & Jeo, 2022. "Mechanochemistry-driven engineering of 0D/3D heterostructure for designing highly luminescent Cs–Pb–Br perovskites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    9. René Itten & Matthias Stucki, 2017. "Highly Efficient 3rd Generation Multi-Junction Solar Cells Using Silicon Heterojunction and Perovskite Tandem: Prospective Life Cycle Environmental Impacts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-18, June.
    10. Yilmaz, Saban & Ozcalik, Hasan Riza & Kesler, Selami & Dincer, Furkan & Yelmen, Bekir, 2015. "The analysis of different PV power systems for the determination of optimal PV panels and system installation—A case study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1015-1024.
    11. Jin Zhou & Shiqiang Fu & Shun Zhou & Lishuai Huang & Cheng Wang & Hongling Guan & Dexin Pu & Hongsen Cui & Chen Wang & Ti Wang & Weiwei Meng & Guojia Fang & Weijun Ke, 2024. "Mixed tin-lead perovskites with balanced crystallization and oxidation barrier for all-perovskite tandem solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    12. Maria Khalid & Tapas Kumar Mallick, 2023. "Stability and Performance Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-32, May.
    13. Kim, Dong In & Lee, Ji Won & Jeong, Rak Hyun & Yang, Ju Won & Park, Seong & Boo, Jin-Hyo, 2020. "Optical and water-repellent characteristics of an anti-reflection protection layer for perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient air," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    14. Serrano-Luján, Lucía & Espinosa, Nieves & Abad, Jose & Urbina, Antonio, 2017. "The greenest decision on photovoltaic system allocation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 1348-1356.
    15. Ali, Nasir & Rauf, Sajid & Kong, Weiguang & Ali, Shahid & Wang, Xiaoyu & Khesro, Amir & Yang, Chang Ping & Zhu, Bin & Wu, Huizhen, 2019. "An overview of the decompositions in organo-metal halide perovskites and shielding with 2-dimensional perovskites," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 160-186.
    16. Alharbi, Fahhad H. & Kais, Sabre, 2015. "Theoretical limits of photovoltaics efficiency and possible improvements by intuitive approaches learned from photosynthesis and quantum coherence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1073-1089.
    17. Shoieb Shaik & Ziyou Zhou & Zhongliang Ouyang & Rebecca Han & Dawen Li, 2021. "Polymer Additive Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Ultra-Smooth Perovskite Thin Films with Fast Lamp Annealing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-10, May.
    18. Hug, Hubert & Bader, Michael & Mair, Peter & Glatzel, Thilo, 2014. "Biophotovoltaics: Natural pigments in dye-sensitized solar cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 216-225.
    19. Habibi, Mehran & Zabihi, Fatemeh & Ahmadian-Yazdi, Mohammad Reza & Eslamian, Morteza, 2016. "Progress in emerging solution-processed thin film solar cells – Part II: Perovskite solar cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1012-1031.
    20. Mesquita, Isabel & Andrade, Luísa & Mendes, Adélio, 2018. "Perovskite solar cells: Materials, configurations and stability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2471-2489.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:23:p:7730-:d:1286039. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.