IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i15p5608-d1202365.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Intermodular Active Balancing Topology for Efficient Operation of High Voltage Battery Packs in Li-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems: Switched (Flying) DC/DC Converter

Author

Listed:
  • Murat Ceylan

    (Department of Electronics Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey)

  • Abdulkadir Balikci

    (Department of Electronics Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey)

Abstract

To meet the load voltage and power requirements for various specific needs, a typical lithium–ion battery (LIB) pack consists of different parallel and series combinations of individual cells in modules, which can go as high as tens of series and parallel connections in each module, reaching hundreds and even thousands of cells at high voltage (HV) levels. The inhomogeneity among the cells and modules results in voltage imbalances during operation and reduces the overall system efficiency. In this work, a robust and flexible active balancing topology is presented. It can not only mitigate the charge imbalance within a module, i.e., intramodular equalization, but also help to balance the state of charge (SoC) level of the modules in a high voltage pack, i.e., intermodular equalization, which is an often-overlooked topic. The proposed concept was proven by experimental verification on parallel and series configurations of cells in realistically sized modules and practical battery management system (BMS) hardware, when the LIB was both idle and under load.

Suggested Citation

  • Murat Ceylan & Abdulkadir Balikci, 2023. "An Intermodular Active Balancing Topology for Efficient Operation of High Voltage Battery Packs in Li-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems: Switched (Flying) DC/DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:15:p:5608-:d:1202365
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/15/5608/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/15/5608/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Holger C. Hesse & Volkan Kumtepeli & Michael Schimpe & Jorn Reniers & David A. Howey & Anshuman Tripathi & Youyi Wang & Andreas Jossen, 2019. "Ageing and Efficiency Aware Battery Dispatch for Arbitrage Markets Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Xiangwei Guo & Longyun Kang & Zhizhen Huang & Yuan Yao & Huizhou Yang, 2015. "Research on a Novel Power Inductor-Based Bidirectional Lossless Equalization Circuit for Series-Connected Battery Packs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Morteza Zare Oskouei & Ayşe Aybike Şeker & Süleyman Tunçel & Emin Demirbaş & Tuba Gözel & Mehmet Hakan Hocaoğlu & Mehdi Abapour & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, 2022. "A Critical Review on the Impacts of Energy Storage Systems and Demand-Side Management Strategies in the Economic Operation of Renewable-Based Distribution Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-34, February.
    4. Nestor A. Sepulveda & Jesse D. Jenkins & Aurora Edington & Dharik S. Mallapragada & Richard K. Lester, 2021. "The design space for long-duration energy storage in decarbonized power systems," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(5), pages 506-516, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Phuong-Ha La & Nguyen-Anh Nguyen & Sung-Jin Choi, 2024. "Average Model of Switched-Energy-Tank Battery Equalizer for Accelerated Performance Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jing-Li Fan & Zezheng Li & Xi Huang & Kai Li & Xian Zhang & Xi Lu & Jianzhong Wu & Klaus Hubacek & Bo Shen, 2023. "A net-zero emissions strategy for China’s power sector using carbon-capture utilization and storage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Vassilis M. Charitopoulos & Mathilde Fajardy & Chi Kong Chyong & David M. Reiner, 2022. "The case of 100% electrification of domestic heat in Great Britain," Working Papers EPRG2206, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    3. Farah, Sleiman & Andresen, Gorm Bruun, 2024. "Investment-based optimisation of energy storage design parameters in a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    4. Davis, Dominic & Brear, Michael J., 2024. "Impact of short-term wind forecast accuracy on the performance of decarbonising wholesale electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    5. Cosgrove, Paul & Roulstone, Tony & Zachary, Stan, 2023. "Intermittency and periodicity in net-zero renewable energy systems with storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 299-307.
    6. Risthaus, Kai & Linder, Marc & Schmidt, Matthias, 2022. "Experimental investigation of a novel mechanically fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical energy storage with calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    7. Yong, Qingqing & Jin, Kaiyuan & Li, Xiaobo & Yang, Ronggui, 2023. "Thermo-economic analysis for a novel grid-scale pumped thermal electricity storage system coupled with a coal-fired power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    8. Chusheng Lu & Longyun Kang & Xuan Luo & Jinqing Linghu & Hongye Lin, 2019. "A Novel Lithium Battery Equalization Circuit with Any Number of Inductors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    9. Dan Tong & David J. Farnham & Lei Duan & Qiang Zhang & Nathan S. Lewis & Ken Caldeira & Steven J. Davis, 2021. "Geophysical constraints on the reliability of solar and wind power worldwide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    10. Collath, Nils & Cornejo, Martin & Engwerth, Veronika & Hesse, Holger & Jossen, Andreas, 2023. "Increasing the lifetime profitability of battery energy storage systems through aging aware operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    11. Liqun Peng & Denise L. Mauzerall & Yaofeng D. Zhong & Gang He, 2023. "Heterogeneous effects of battery storage deployment strategies on decarbonization of provincial power systems in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    12. Glenk, Gunther & Reichelstein, Stefan, 2021. "Intermittent versus dispatchable power sources: An integrated competitive assessment," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-065, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    13. Guangsheng Pan & Qinran Hu & Wei Gu & Shixing Ding & Haifeng Qiu & Yuping Lu, 2021. "Assessment of plum rain’s impact on power system emissions in Yangtze-Huaihe River basin of China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    14. Martin Staadecker & Julia Szinai & Pedro A. Sánchez-Pérez & Sarah Kurtz & Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez, 2024. "The value of long-duration energy storage under various grid conditions in a zero-emissions future," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    15. Say, Kelvin & Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna & Brown, Felix Gabriel & Wang, Changlong, 2023. "The economics of public transport electrification: A case study from Victoria, Australia," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    16. Sánchez-Pérez, P.A. & Staadecker, Martin & Szinai, Julia & Kurtz, Sarah & Hidalgo-Gonzalez, Patricia, 2022. "Effect of modeled time horizon on quantifying the need for long-duration storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    17. Shungang Xu & Kai Gao & Xiaobing Zhang & Kangle Li, 2019. "Double-Layer E-Structure Equalization Circuit for Series Connected Battery Strings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.
    18. Harun Or Rashid Howlader & Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi & Ying-Yi Hong & Paras Mandal & Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2019. "Energy Storage System Analysis Review for Optimal Unit Commitment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, December.
    19. Steele, Amanda Harker & Sharma, Smriti & Pena Cabra, Ivonne & Clahane, Luke & Iyengar, Arun, 2023. "A tool for measuring the system cost of replacement energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    20. Bennett, Jeffrey A. & Fitts, Jeffrey P. & Clarens, Andres F., 2022. "Compressed air energy storage capacity of offshore saline aquifers using isothermal cycling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:15:p:5608-:d:1202365. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.