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Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks Using Smart Selection of Short Circuit Voltage-Based Relay Characteristics

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  • Ali Vafadar

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, 6 km Ghotbravandi Blvd, Kashan 8731753153, Iran)

  • Maryam A. Hejazi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, 6 km Ghotbravandi Blvd, Kashan 8731753153, Iran)

  • Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, 6 km Ghotbravandi Blvd, Kashan 8731753153, Iran)

  • Negin Mohagheghi

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, 6 km Ghotbravandi Blvd, Kashan 8731753153, Iran)

Abstract

Much attention has been paid to the optimized protection of microgrids (MGs) and active distribution networks (ADNs). However, the literature shows a research gap in proposing a hybrid scheme, utilizing the voltage-based and overcurrent-based relays, while the voltage relay characteristics are smartly selected. This study aims to address such a research gap. This article presents an optimal hybrid protection coordination method for ADNs and MGs. Considering that any system fault is associated with a voltage drop, a new protection method is formulated from voltage analysis under fault conditions. The proposed method is independent of the type, size, and location of distributed generation (DG) units, as well as the operation of the distribution system connected to the grid. This method uses only the local voltage to determine the relay’s tripping time and is a low-cost protection method, in addition to the directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). Optimizing the voltage-based relay characteristics is one of the most important contributions, which leads to improving the protection system speed and its selectivity concerns. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by several simulation tests performed on the medium voltage (MV) distribution system under different fault conditions and DG size and location. The simulation results show that the protection method has appropriate speed, and the protection settings could be independent of the operation modes/topologies and the locations of faults. The comparative results illustrate the advantages of the proposed hybrid protective scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Vafadar & Maryam A. Hejazi & Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki & Negin Mohagheghi, 2023. "Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks Using Smart Selection of Short Circuit Voltage-Based Relay Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:14:p:5301-:d:1191455
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rene Prenc & Michele Rojnić & Dubravko Franković & Saša Vlahinić, 2022. "On the Development of Overcurrent Relay Optimization Problem for Active Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-28, September.
    2. Aliakbar Azari & Abass Saberi Noghabi & Farhad Zishan & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Alexander Molina-Cabrera, 2023. "Evaluating the Effect of the Communication Link of the Relays on the Operation Time of the Protection System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Gaurav Yadav & Yuan Liao & Austin D. Burfield, 2023. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing for Protective Relays Using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-30, January.
    4. Aleksandr Kulikov & Anton Loskutov & Dmitriy Bezdushniy, 2022. "Relay Protection and Automation Algorithms of Electrical Networks Based on Simulation and Machine Learning Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-19, September.
    5. Felipe Carvalho Sampaio & Fernando Lessa Tofoli & Lucas Silveira Melo & Giovanni Cordeiro Barroso & Raimundo Furtado Sampaio & Ruth Pastôra Saraiva Leão, 2023. "Smart Protection System for Microgrids with Grid-Connected and Islanded Capabilities Based on an Adaptive Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Joshua, Ann Mary & Vittal, K. Panduranga, 2023. "Superimposed current based differential protection scheme for AC microgrid feeders," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
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