IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i12p4765-d1172974.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ion Exchange Resin and Entrapped Candida rugosa Lipase for Biodiesel Synthesis in the Recirculating Packed-Bed Reactor: A Performance Comparison of Heterogeneous Catalysts

Author

Listed:
  • Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Frederick Soetandar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Pingkan Vanessa Sudiyasa

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

  • Patrick Cognet

    (Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France)

  • Heri Hermansyah

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia)

Abstract

Ion exchange resins and immobilized lipase as heterogeneous catalysts are used to synthesize biodiesel for alternative fossil fuels. The use of ion exchange resins in the solid and activated phase can ease the separation process. Furthermore, resins can be reactivated and used repeatedly, reducing the need for catalysts. On the other hand, an immobilized enzyme is biodegradable and can catalyze the transesterification process to produce biodiesel with a lower alcohol-to-oil ratio, minimizing side reactions and impurities. Therefore, the catalysts used in this study are ion exchange resins, such as Lewatit MP-64, Amberlite IRA410Cl, and Diaion PK208LH, as well as immobilized Candida rugosa lipase. By using vegetable oil as a feedstock and methanol for the transesterification, biodiesel production was carried out in a packed bed reactor. The present study aims to investigate the optimum process parameters, including the concentration of resin and enzyme, resin activation time, resin types, flowrate, and stability of resin and enzyme on the biodiesel yield. The results showed that the optimum conditions for biodiesel production with ion exchange resin were 4 g of resin, activated for 3 h, and synthesized for 3 h; Lewatit obtained a biodiesel yield of 94.06%, Amberlite obtained 90.00%, and Diaion obtained 73.88%. Additionally, the stability test of the reactivated Lewatit resin showed that it still has the capability of producing biodiesel with a yield of more than 80% after three regeneration cycles. In contrast, Candida rugosa lipase as was immobilized by entrapment in sodium alginate before being used in the biodiesel production for 12 h. The results showed that lower flowrate in enzymatic biodiesel synthesis produced a higher amount of biodiesel, of up to 71.1%. Nonetheless, immobilized lipases can be used up to three times without a significant loss in biodiesel yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah & Frederick Soetandar & Pingkan Vanessa Sudiyasa & Patrick Cognet & Heri Hermansyah, 2023. "Ion Exchange Resin and Entrapped Candida rugosa Lipase for Biodiesel Synthesis in the Recirculating Packed-Bed Reactor: A Performance Comparison of Heterogeneous Catalysts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:12:p:4765-:d:1172974
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/12/4765/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/12/4765/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hoang Chinh Nguyen & Dinh Thi My Huong & Horng-Yi Juan & Chia-Hung Su & Chien-Chung Chien, 2018. "Liquid Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Oleic Acid with Methanol for Biodiesel Production in the Presence of Superabsorbent Polymer: Optimization by Using Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, April.
    2. Hernández-Montelongo, Rosaura & García-Sandoval, Juan Paulo & González-Álvarez, Alejandro & Dochain, Denis & Aguilar-Garnica, Efrén, 2018. "Biodiesel production in a continuous packed bed reactor with recycle: A modeling approach for an esterification system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 857-865.
    3. Tran, Dang-Thuan & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2017. "Recent insights into continuous-flow biodiesel production via catalytic and non-catalytic transesterification processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 376-409.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emilia Neag & Zamfira Stupar & S. Andrada Maicaneanu & Cecilia Roman, 2023. "Advances in Biodiesel Production from Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Wancura, João H.C. & Brondani, Michel & dos Santos, Maicon S.N. & Oro, Carolina E.D. & Wancura, Guilherme C. & Tres, Marcus V. & Oliveira, J. Vladimir, 2023. "Demystifying the enzymatic biodiesel: How lipases are contributing to its technological advances," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Tamošiūnas, Andrius & Gimžauskaitė, Dovilė & Uscila, Rolandas & Aikas, Mindaugas, 2019. "Thermal arc plasma gasification of waste glycerol to syngas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Kamarulzaman, Mohd Kamal & Hafiz, M. & Abdullah, Adam & Chen, Ang Fuk & Awad, Omar I., 2019. "Combustion, performances and emissions characteristics of black soldier fly larvae oil and diesel blends in compression ignition engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 569-580.
    5. Gómez-Castro, F.I. & Gutiérrez-Antonio, C. & Romero-Izquierdo, A.G. & May-Vázquez, M.M. & Hernández, S., 2023. "Intensified technologies for the production of triglyceride-based biofuels: Current status and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    6. Hoang Chinh Nguyen & Fu-Ming Wang & Kim Khue Dinh & Thanh Truc Pham & Horng-Yi Juan & Nguyen Phuong Nguyen & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Chia-Hung Su, 2020. "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    7. Khozeymeh Nezhad, Marziyeh & Aghaei, Hamidreza, 2021. "Tosylated cloisite as a new heterofunctional carrier for covalent immobilization of lipase and its utilization for production of biodiesel from waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 876-888.
    8. Zhong, Wenjun & Pachiannan, Tamilselvan & He, Zhixia & Xuan, Tiemin & Wang, Qian, 2019. "Experimental study of ignition, lift-off length and emission characteristics of diesel/hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 641-652.
    9. Porcel, Meline Gurtat & de Mello, Bruna Tais Ferreira & Alves, Helton José & Schneider, Ricardo & da Silva, Camila & Borba, Carlos Eduardo, 2023. "Synthesis and characterization of KF/waste glass catalyst for use in the transesterification process under pressurized conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 56-67.
    10. Zimmerman, William B. & Kokoo, Rungrote, 2018. "Esterification for biodiesel production with a phantom catalyst: Bubble mediated reactive distillation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 28-40.
    11. Melad Atrash & Karen Molina & El-Or Sharoni & Gilbert Azwat & Marina Nisnevitch & Yael Albo & Faina Nakonechny, 2023. "Toward Efficient Continuous Production of Biodiesel from Brown Grease," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, May.
    12. Živković, Snežana B. & Veljković, Milan V. & Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Krstić, Ivan M. & Konstantinović, Sandra S. & Ilić, Slavica B. & Avramović, Jelena M. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljković, Vlad, 2017. "Technological, technical, economic, environmental, social, human health risk, toxicological and policy considerations of biodiesel production and use," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 222-247.
    13. R, Gopi & Thangarasu, Vinoth & Vinayakaselvi M, Angkayarkan & Ramanathan, Anand, 2022. "A critical review of recent advancements in continuous flow reactors and prominent integrated microreactors for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    14. Hashemzadeh Gargari, M. & Sadrameli, S.M., 2018. "Investigating continuous biodiesel production from linseed oil in the presence of a Co-solvent and a heterogeneous based catalyst in a packed bed reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 888-895.
    15. Mukhtar, Ahmad & Saqib, Sidra & Lin, Hongfei & Hassan Shah, Mansoor Ul & Ullah, Sami & Younas, Muhammad & Rezakazemi, Mashallah & Ibrahim, Muhammad & Mahmood, Abid & Asif, Saira & Bokhari, Awais, 2022. "Current status and challenges in the heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    16. Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K. & Mohan, Aravind & Johny, Ajith & Tamilarasu, A., 2017. "Comparative analysis on the effect of zinc oxide and ethanox as additives with biodiesel in CI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 352-364.
    17. Ishtiaq Ahmed & Muhammad Anjum Zia & Huma Afzal & Shaheez Ahmed & Muhammad Ahmad & Zain Akram & Farooq Sher & Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, 2021. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biomass Valorisation: A Strategic Drive for Sustainable Bioeconomy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-32, April.
    18. Andreo-Martínez, Pedro & Ortiz-Martínez, Víctor Manuel & García-Martínez, Nuria & de los Ríos, Antonia Pérez & Hernández-Fernández, Francisco José & Quesada-Medina, Joaquín, 2020. "Production of biodiesel under supercritical conditions: State of the art and bibliometric analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    19. Metawea, Rodaina & Zewail, Taghreed & El-Ashtoukhy, El-Sayed & El Gheriany, Iman & Hamad, Hesham, 2018. "Process intensification of the transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel in a batch agitated vessel provided with mesh screen extended baffles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 111-120.
    20. Panchal, Balaji & Bian, Kai & Chang, Tao & Zhu, Zheng & Wang, Jinxi & Qin, Shenjun & Zhao, Cunliang & Sun, Yuzhuang, 2021. "Synthesis of Generation-2 polyamidoamine based ionic liquid: Efficient dendrimer based catalytic green fuel production from yellow grease," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:12:p:4765-:d:1172974. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.