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A Quantum Approach to the Problem of Charging Electric Cars on a Motorway

Author

Listed:
  • Rafał Różycki

    (Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Joanna Józefowska

    (Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Kurowski

    (Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-139 Poznan, Poland)

  • Tomasz Lemański

    (Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Tomasz Pecyna

    (Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Marek Subocz

    (Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-139 Poznan, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Waligóra

    (Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

In this paper, the problem of charging electric motor vehicles on a motorway is considered. Charging points are located alongside the motorway. It is assumed that there are a number of vehicles on a given section of a motorway. In the motorway, there are several nodes, and for each vehicle, the entering and the leaving nodes are known, as well as the time of entrance. For each vehicle, we know the total capacity of its battery, and the current amount of energy in the battery when entering the motorway. It is also assumed that for each vehicle, there is a finite set of speeds it can use when traveling the motorway. The speed is chosen when entering the motorway, and cannot be changed before reaching the charging station. For each speed, there is given a corresponding power usage; the higher the speed, the larger the power usage. Each vehicle can only use one charger, and when its battery is full, the amount of energy is sufficient for reaching the outgoing node. We look for a feasible solution to the problem, i.e., a solution in which no vehicle has to wait for a charger. The problem is formulated as a problem of scheduling independent, nonpreemptable jobs in parallel, unrelated machines under an additional doubly constrained resource, which is power. Quantum approaches to solve the defined problem are proposed. They use the quantum approximate optimization algorithm and the quantum annealing technique. A computational experiment is presented and discussed. Some conclusions and directions for future research are given.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafał Różycki & Joanna Józefowska & Krzysztof Kurowski & Tomasz Lemański & Tomasz Pecyna & Marek Subocz & Grzegorz Waligóra, 2022. "A Quantum Approach to the Problem of Charging Electric Cars on a Motorway," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:442-:d:1020482
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Benjamin Schaden & Thomas Jatschka & Steffen Limmer & Günther Robert Raidl, 2021. "Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering SOC-Dependent Maximum Charging Powers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-33, November.
    2. Ali Kordmostafapour & Javad Rezaeian & Iraj Mahdavi & Mahdi Yar Farjad, 2022. "Scheduling unrelated parallel machine problem with multi-mode processing times and batch delivery cost," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 59(4), pages 1438-1470, December.
    3. Ajagekar, Akshay & You, Fengqi, 2019. "Quantum computing for energy systems optimization: Challenges and opportunities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 76-89.
    4. Wager, Guido & Whale, Jonathan & Braunl, Thomas, 2016. "Driving electric vehicles at highway speeds: The effect of higher driving speeds on energy consumption and driving range for electric vehicles in Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 158-165.
    5. Mikołaj Schmidt & Paweł Zmuda-Trzebiatowski & Marcin Kiciński & Piotr Sawicki & Konrad Lasak, 2021. "Multiple-Criteria-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Design Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-34, May.
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