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Sol-Gel Derived Di-Ureasil Based Ormolytes for Electrochromic Devices

Author

Listed:
  • Paulo Joaquim Nunes

    (Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Rui Francisco Pinto Pereira

    (Chemistry Department and Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Sónia Pereira

    (CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal)

  • Maria Manuela Silva

    (Chemistry Department and Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Elvira Fortunato

    (CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal)

  • Verónica de Zea Bermudez

    (Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

  • Mariana Fernandes

    (Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal)

Abstract

Two di-ureasils incorporating oxyethylene segments with average molecular weights Y = 600 and 900 g mol −1 , prepared by the sol-gel method, and doped with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) salt were prepared. The as-obtained films are translucent, flexible, and hydrophobic, and have a low level of nanoscale surface roughness. The ionic conductivity values exhibited by an optimized sample are 8.10 × 10 −5 and 2.8 × 10 −4 S cm −1 at room temperature and 55 °C, respectively. The main goal of the work was to employ the electrolytes in prototype electrochromic devices (ECDs) with the [glass/a-IZO/a-WO 3 /d-U(Y)LiBF 4 -[Bmim]Cl/c-NiO/a-IZO/glass], noted as ECD1 for Y = 600 and ECD2 for Y = 900, where a-WO 3 and c-NiO stand for amorphous tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide, respectively. At 555 nm the ECD1 device exhibited the highest coloration efficiency for coloring (CE in = −420.621 cm 2 ·C −1 ), the highest optical density value (∆(OD) = 0.13) and good cycling stability. In this article, the results of a preliminary evaluation of hybrid electrolytes, produced by a sol-gel process, as multi-functional components in prototype electrochromic devices are reported.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulo Joaquim Nunes & Rui Francisco Pinto Pereira & Sónia Pereira & Maria Manuela Silva & Elvira Fortunato & Verónica de Zea Bermudez & Mariana Fernandes, 2022. "Sol-Gel Derived Di-Ureasil Based Ormolytes for Electrochromic Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:426-:d:1020067
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mariana Fernandes & Vânia Freitas & Sónia Pereira & Rita Leones & Maria Manuela Silva & Luís D. Carlos & Elvira Fortunato & Rute A. S. Ferreira & Rosa Rego & Verónica De Zea Bermudez, 2018. "Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Anna Llordés & Guillermo Garcia & Jaume Gazquez & Delia J. Milliron, 2013. "Tunable near-infrared and visible-light transmittance in nanocrystal-in-glass composites," Nature, Nature, vol. 500(7462), pages 323-326, August.
    3. Casini, Marco, 2018. "Active dynamic windows for buildings: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 923-934.
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