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CO 2 Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks

Author

Listed:
  • João Andrade de Carvalho

    (Campus of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá, CEP 12516-410, Brazil
    International Research Group for Energy Sustainability (IRGES), Porto Alegre, CEP 90040-060, Brazil)

  • André de Castro

    (Heatech—Technology for Energy Efficiency, São José dos Campos, CEP 12233-360, Brazil)

  • Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil

    (Graduate Program of Economics, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, CEP 29075-910, Brazil)

  • Paulo Antonio de Souza

    (School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4111, Australia)

  • Andrés Z. Mendiburu

    (International Research Group for Energy Sustainability (IRGES), Porto Alegre, CEP 90040-060, Brazil
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 90040-060, Brazil)

Abstract

There are myriad questions that remain to be answered in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading. This article addresses carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission factors and carbon losses from heavy equipment that is used to transport ores. Differences occurred between the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) emission factor and those that were obtained by considering incomplete combustion and on-site exhaust concentration measurements. Emissions from four off-road vehicles were analyzed. They operated at idle (loading, unloading, and queuing) and in motion (front and rear, loaded and unloaded). The results show that the average CO 2 emission factors can be as low as 64.8% of the IPCC standard value for diesel fuel. On the other hand, carbon losses can be up to 33.5% and energy losses up to 25.5%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the method that was developed here is innovative, simple, useful, and easily applicable in determining CO 2 emission factors and fuel losses for heavy machinery.

Suggested Citation

  • João Andrade de Carvalho & André de Castro & Gutemberg Hespanha Brasil & Paulo Antonio de Souza & Andrés Z. Mendiburu, 2022. "CO 2 Emission Factors and Carbon Losses for Off-Road Mining Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:7:p:2659-:d:787362
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